7lml
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products VC1 domain in complex with 3-(3-(((3-(4-Carboxyphenoxy)benzyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acidReceptor for Advanced Glycation End Products VC1 domain in complex with 3-(3-(((3-(4-Carboxyphenoxy)benzyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
Structural highlights
FunctionRAGE_HUMAN Mediates interactions of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE). These are nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins which accumulate in vascular tissue in aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Acts as a mediator of both acute and chronic vascular inflammation in conditions such as atherosclerosis and in particular as a complication of diabetes. AGE/RAGE signaling plays an important role in regulating the production/expression of TNF-alpha, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Interaction with S100A12 on endothelium, mononuclear phagocytes, and lymphocytes triggers cellular activation, with generation of key proinflammatory mediators. Interaction with S100B after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling (By similarity). Receptor for amyloid beta peptide. Contributes to the translocation of amyloid-beta peptide (ABPP) across the cell membrane from the extracellular to the intracellular space in cortical neurons. ABPP-initiated RAGE signaling, especially stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), has the capacity to drive a transport system delivering ABPP as a complex with RAGE to the intraneuronal space.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor that signals for inflammation via the NF-kappaB pathway. RAGE has been pursued as a potential target to suppress symptoms of diabetes and is of interest in a number of other diseases associated with chronic inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Screening and optimization have previously produced small molecules that inhibit the activity of RAGE in cell-based assays, but efforts to develop a therapeutically viable direct-binding RAGE inhibitor have yet to be successful. Here, we show that a fragment-based approach can be applied to discover fundamentally new types of RAGE inhibitors that specifically target the ligand-binding surface. A series of systematic assays of structural stability, solubility, and crystallization were performed to select constructs of the RAGE ligand-binding domain and optimize conditions for NMR-based screening and co-crystallization of RAGE with hit fragments. An NMR-based screen of a highly curated ~14 000-member fragment library produced 21 fragment leads. Of these, three were selected for elaboration based on structure-activity relationships generated through cycles of structural analysis by X-ray crystallography, structure-guided design principles, and synthetic chemistry. These results, combined with crystal structures of the first linked fragment compounds, demonstrate the applicability of the fragment-based approach to the discovery of RAGE inhibitors. A fragment-based approach to discovery of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products inhibitors.,Kozlyuk N, Gilston BA, Salay LE, Gogliotti RD, Christov PP, Kim K, Ovee M, Waterson AG, Chazin WJ Proteins. 2021 Jun 22. doi: 10.1002/prot.26162. PMID:34156100[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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