SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF CARDIOTOXIN IV, NMR, 1 STRUCTURESOLUTION STRUCTURE OF CARDIOTOXIN IV, NMR, 1 STRUCTURE
Structural highlights
1kbs is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Naja atra. Full experimental information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
3SA4_NAJAT Basic protein that bind to cell membrane and depolarizes cardiomyocytes. This cytotoxin also shows lytic activities, but 2-fold more important than that of CTX-A2. It binds to the integrin alpha-V/beta-3 with a moderate affinity. Inhibits protein kinase C. It may interact with sulfatides in the cell membrane, which induces pore formation and cell internalization and is responsible for cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. It also may target the mitochondrial membrane and induces mitochondrial swelling and fragmentation.[1][2][3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
↑Wu PL, Lee SC, Chuang CC, Mori S, Akakura N, Wu WG, Takada Y. Non-cytotoxic cobra cardiotoxin A5 binds to alpha(v)beta3 integrin and inhibits bone resorption. Identification of cardiotoxins as non-RGD integrin-binding proteins of the Ly-6 family. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 24;281(12):7937-45. Epub 2006 Jan 10. PMID:16407244 doi:http://dx.doi.org/M513035200
↑Chiou SH, Raynor RL, Zheng B, Chambers TC, Kuo JF. Cobra venom cardiotoxin (cytotoxin) isoforms and neurotoxin: comparative potency of protein kinase C inhibition and cancer cell cytotoxicity and modes of enzyme inhibition. Biochemistry. 1993 Mar 2;32(8):2062-7. PMID:8448165
↑Jang JY, Krishnaswamy T, Kumar S, Jayaraman G, Yang PW, Yu C. Comparison of the hemolytic activity and solution structures of two snake venom cardiotoxin analogues which only differ in their N-terminal amino acid. Biochemistry. 1997 Dec 2;36(48):14635-41. PMID:9398182 doi:10.1021/bi971107a
