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Crystal Structure of the K131A Mutant of Lambda Exonuclease in Complex with a 5'-Phosphorylated 14-mer/12-mer Duplex and MagnesiumCrystal Structure of the K131A Mutant of Lambda Exonuclease in Complex with a 5'-Phosphorylated 14-mer/12-mer Duplex and Magnesium
Structural highlights
Function[EXO_LAMBD] Facilitates phage DNA recombination through the double-strand break repair (DSBR) and single-strand annealing pathways. Also important for the late, rolling-circle mode of lambda DNA replication. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe lambda exonuclease is an ATP-independent enzyme that binds to dsDNA ends and processively digests the 5'-ended strand to form 5' mononucleotides and a long 3' overhang. The crystal structure of lambda exonuclease revealed a toroidal homotrimer with a central funnel-shaped channel for tracking along the DNA, and a mechanism for processivity based on topological linkage of the trimer to the DNA was proposed. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of lambda exonuclease in complex with DNA at 1.88-A resolution. The structure reveals that the enzyme unwinds the DNA prior to cleavage, such that two nucleotides of the 5'-ended strand insert into the active site of one subunit of the trimer, while the 3'-ended strand passes through the central channel to emerge out the back of the trimer. Unwinding of the DNA is facilitated by several apolar residues, including Leu78, that wedge into the base pairs at the single/double-strand junction to form favorable hydrophobic interactions. The terminal 5' phosphate of the DNA binds to a positively charged pocket buried at the end of the active site, while the scissile phosphate bridges two active site Mg(2+) ions. Our data suggest a mechanism for processivity in which wedging of Leu78 and other apolar residues into the base pairs of the DNA restricts backward movement, whereas attraction of the 5' phosphate to the positively charged pocket drives forward movement of the enzyme along the DNA at each cycle of the reaction. Thus, processivity of lambda exonuclease operates not only at the level of the trimer, but also at the level of the monomer. Crystal structures of {lambda} exonuclease in complex with DNA suggest an electrostatic ratchet mechanism for processivity.,Zhang J, McCabe KA, Bell CE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jul 5. PMID:21730170[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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