TGF beta signaling pathway

The TGF beta superfamily of ligands Bone morphogenetic protein Bone morphogenetic protein BMP-7 see Student Projects for UMass Chemistry 423 Spring 2012-4. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 Bone morphogenetic protein 3D structures Growth differentiation factor Growth differentiation factor includes mentioned above Bone morphogenetic protein 9 Group:MUZIC:Myostatin Activin Activin Activin A or inhibitin β chain A (ActA) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily that inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Activin interacts with activin receptors to induce phosphorylation of intracellular signalling molecules which regulate the transcription of many genes in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. TGF-beta receptor TGF-β receptors (Transforming Growth Factor) (TGFR) are serine/threonine kinase receptors. They are involved in paracrine signaling and are found in many types of tissue. TGF-β ligands include bone morphogenetic proteins, growth and initiation factors, anti-Mullerian hormone, activin, nodal TGF-β. There are 3 types of TGFR: TGFR I forms heteromeric complex with TGFR II when it is bound to TGF-β. The complex transduces the TGF-β signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm by phosphorylating proteins which regulate the transcription of genes related to cell proliferation. TGFR I has high affinity for TGF-β1 and low affinity for TGF-β2. TGFR II is a tumor suppressor transmembrane protein. TGFR II has high affinity for TGF-β1 and low affinity for TGF-β2. TGFR III is a cell-surface chondroitin sulfate / heparin sulfate proteoglycan. It acts as a reservoir of ligand for TGFRs. TGFR III has high affinity for TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β1.2.

spinqualitylabelsall models Human hTGFR-II extracellular domain (green) complex with TGF-β3 (grey) (PDB code 1ktz) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image