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| == Function == | | == Function == |
| [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSHR_HUMAN TSHR_HUMAN] Receptor for thyrothropin. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Also acts as a receptor for thyrostimulin (GPA2+GPB5).<ref>PMID:12045258</ref> | | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSHR_HUMAN TSHR_HUMAN] Receptor for thyrothropin. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Also acts as a receptor for thyrostimulin (GPA2+GPB5).<ref>PMID:12045258</ref> |
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| == Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), through activation of its G protein-coupled thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), controls the synthesis of thyroid hormone (TH), an essential metabolic hormone(1-3). Aberrant signaling of TSHR by autoantibodies causes Graves' disease and hypothyroidism that affect millions of patients worldwide(4). Here we report the active structures of TSHR with TSH and an activating autoantibody M22(5), both bound to an allosteric agonist ML-109(6), as well as an inactivated TSHR structure with inhibitory antibody K1-70(7). Both TSH and M22 push the extracellular domain (ECD) of TSHR into the upright active conformation. In contrast, K1-70 blocks TSH binding and is incapable of pushing the ECD to the upright conformation. Comparisons of the active and inactivated structures of TSHR with those of the luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) reveal a universal activation mechanism of glycoprotein hormone receptors, in which a conserved 10-residue fragment (P10) from the hinge C-terminal loop mediates ECD interactions with the TSHR transmembrane domain(8). One surprisingly feature is that there are over 15 cholesterols surrounding TSHR, supporting its preferential location in lipid rafts(9). These structures also highlight a similar ECD-push mechanism for TSH and autoantibody M22 to activate TSHR, thus providing the molecular basis for Graves' disease.
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| Hormone- and antibody-mediated activation of the thyrotropin receptor.,Duan J, Xu P, Luan X, Ji Y, He X, Song N, Yuan Q, Jin Y, Cheng X, Jiang H, Zheng J, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Xu HE Nature. 2022 Aug 8. pii: 10.1038/s41586-022-05173-3. doi:, 10.1038/s41586-022-05173-3. PMID:35940204<ref>PMID:35940204</ref>
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| From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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| ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |