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<StructureSection load='1lvc' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1lvc]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.60&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1lvc' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1lvc]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.60&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1lvc]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"bacillus_cereus_var._anthracis"_(cohn_1872)_smith_et_al._1946 "bacillus cereus var. anthracis" (cohn 1872) smith et al. 1946] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1LVC OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1LVC FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1lvc]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracis Bacillus anthracis] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1LVC OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1LVC FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DOT:3ANTHRANILOYL-2-DEOXY-ADENOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>DOT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=YB:YTTERBIUM+(III)+ION'>YB</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.6&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1k90|1k90]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DOT:3ANTHRANILOYL-2-DEOXY-ADENOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>DOT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=YB:YTTERBIUM+(III)+ION'>YB</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylate_cyclase Adenylate cyclase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=4.6.1.1 4.6.1.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1lvc FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1lvc OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1lvc PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1lvc RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1lvc PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1lvc ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1lvc FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1lvc OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1lvc PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1lvc RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1lvc PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1lvc ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYAA_BACAN CYAA_BACAN]] One of the three proteins composing the anthrax toxin, the agent which infects many mammalian species and that may cause death. EF is a calmodulin-dependent adenylyl cyclase that, when associated with PA, causes edema. EF is not toxic by itself and it is required for the survival of germinated spores within macrophages at the early stages of infection. Provokes dramatic elevation of intracellular cAMP levels in the host.  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYAA_BACAN CYAA_BACAN] One of the three proteins composing the anthrax toxin, the agent which infects many mammalian species and that may cause death. EF is a calmodulin-dependent adenylyl cyclase that, when associated with PA, causes edema. EF is not toxic by itself and it is required for the survival of germinated spores within macrophages at the early stages of infection. Provokes dramatic elevation of intracellular cAMP levels in the host.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1lvc ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1lvc ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Edema factor (EF) and CyaA are calmodulin (CaM)-activated adenylyl cyclase exotoxins involved in the pathogenesis of anthrax and whooping cough, respectively. Using spectroscopic, enzyme kinetic and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy analyses, we show that low Ca(2+) concentrations increase the affinity of CaM for EF and CyaA causing their activation, but higher Ca(2+) concentrations directly inhibit catalysis. Both events occur in a physiologically relevant range of Ca(2+) concentrations. Despite the similarity in Ca(2+) sensitivity, EF and CyaA have substantial differences in CaM binding and activation. CyaA has 100-fold higher affinity for CaM than EF. CaM has N- and C-terminal globular domains, each binding two Ca(2+) ions. CyaA can be fully activated by CaM mutants with one defective C-terminal Ca(2+)-binding site or by either terminal domain of CaM while EF cannot. EF consists of a catalytic core and a helical domain, and both are required for CaM activation of EF. Mutations that decrease the interaction of the helical domain with the catalytic core create an enzyme with higher sensitivity to Ca(2+)-CaM activation. However, CyaA is fully activated by CaM without the domain corresponding to the helical domain of EF.
Physiological calcium concentrations regulate calmodulin binding and catalysis of adenylyl cyclase exotoxins.,Shen Y, Lee YS, Soelaiman S, Bergson P, Lu D, Chen A, Beckingham K, Grabarek Z, Mrksich M, Tang WJ EMBO J. 2002 Dec 16;21(24):6721-32. PMID:12485993<ref>PMID:12485993</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1lvc" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Anthrax edema factor 3D structures|Anthrax edema factor 3D structures]]
*[[Anthrax edema factor 3D structures|Anthrax edema factor 3D structures]]
*[[Calmodulin 3D structures|Calmodulin 3D structures]]
*[[Calmodulin 3D structures|Calmodulin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Adenylate cyclase]]
[[Category: Bacillus anthracis]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Beckingham, K]]
[[Category: Beckingham K]]
[[Category: Bergson, P]]
[[Category: Bergson P]]
[[Category: Chen, A]]
[[Category: Chen A]]
[[Category: Grabarek, Z]]
[[Category: Grabarek Z]]
[[Category: Lee, Y S]]
[[Category: Lee Y-S]]
[[Category: Lu, D]]
[[Category: Lu D]]
[[Category: Mrksich, M]]
[[Category: Mrksich M]]
[[Category: Shen, Y]]
[[Category: Shen Y]]
[[Category: Soelaiman, S]]
[[Category: Soelaiman S]]
[[Category: Tang, W J]]
[[Category: Tang W-J]]
[[Category: Helical domain]]
[[Category: Lyase]]
[[Category: Protein-protein complex]]

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