Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: Difference between revisions

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman, Lucas Xavier da Cunha, Karsten Theis

Revision as of 22:42, 26 June 2023 view source Karsten Theis (talk \| contribs) Macro 4,174 edits No edit summary ← Older edit		Revision as of 18:19, 27 June 2023 view source Karsten Theis (talk \| contribs) Macro 4,174 edits No edit summary Newer edit →
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	Although all enzymes of the C4 cycle are present in C3 plants, there are important changes found in C4 isoforms, specially in PEPC enzymes, that make C4 metabolism possible. PEPC’s have several non-photosynthetic related functions in different plant tissues. In C4 plants, however, changes in the promotor and enzyme structures allow for strong and specific mesophyll expression, reduced sensitivity to negative feedback inhibitors and higher kinetic efficiency <ref name="blasing2000"/><ref>PMID: 12781769</ref><ref name="Paulus2013"/>. Without this characteristics, efficient carbon fixation in the mesophyll and subsequent carbon concentration in the BS wouldn’t be possible. Therefore, the evolution of PEPC’s C4 isoforms is one of the most important steps in the establishment of the C4 pathway <ref name="sage2004"/>.		Although all enzymes of the C4 cycle are present in C3 plants, there are important changes found in C4 isoforms, specially in PEPC enzymes, that make C4 metabolism possible. PEPC’s have several non-photosynthetic related functions in different plant tissues. In C4 plants, however, changes in the promotor and enzyme structures allow for strong and specific mesophyll expression, reduced sensitivity to negative feedback inhibitors and higher kinetic efficiency <ref name="blasing2000"/><ref>PMID: 12781769</ref><ref name="Paulus2013"/>. Without this characteristics, efficient carbon fixation in the mesophyll and subsequent carbon concentration in the BS wouldn’t be possible. Therefore, the evolution of PEPC’s C4 isoforms is one of the most important steps in the establishment of the C4 pathway <ref name="sage2004"/>.

	[[Image:C4_photosynthesis_cycle.png\|~~center~~\|~~frame~~\|caption position=bottom\| '''Figure 2''' Diagrammatic representation of the C4 photosynthetic pathway as it occurs in plants of the NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) subtype. Adapted from Sage et al. 2012. <ref name="sage2012"/>]]		[[Image:C4_photosynthesis_cycle.png\|thumb\|300px\|caption position=bottom\| '''Figure 2''' Diagrammatic representation of the C4 photosynthetic pathway as it occurs in plants of the NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) subtype. Adapted from Sage et al. 2012. <ref name="sage2012"/>]]