Sonic Hedgehog: Difference between revisions
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'''Sonic hedgehog''' (Shh) is a member of the Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted extracellular signaling proteins, which serve important roles in regulating both short-range and long-range patterning processes in developing invertebrate and vertebrate tissues<ref>PMID: 7867057</ref>. First discovered in ''Drosophila'', where mutations of the single ''Hedgehog'' gene produces larvae that are covered in hedgehog-like denticles, Hh proteins are encoded by at least three genes in mammals - ''Sonic'', ''Desert'', and ''Indian hedgehog''<ref>PMID: 7916661</ref>. With the ability to control such fundamental processes as the anterioposterior patterning of vertebrate limb buds<ref name="limb">PMID: 8269518</ref>, the formation of motor neurons in the neural tube <ref name="neuron">PMID: 7736596</ref>, and the development and maintenance of tissues and organs<ref>PMID: 10980429</ref>, Shh is the most well-studied member of the Hh signaling proteins<ref name="papinsky">PMID: 10753901</ref>. Excessive signaling in adult cells has been implicated in the development of several human cancers<ref>PMID: 14737121</ref><ref name="Path">PMID: 12044012</ref>. Mutations in the ''Shh'' gene can also result in severe developmental consequences, including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoprosencephaly holoprosencephaly] <ref>PMID: 8896572</ref>. | '''Sonic hedgehog''' (Shh) is a member of the Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted extracellular signaling proteins, which serve important roles in regulating both short-range and long-range patterning processes in developing invertebrate and vertebrate tissues<ref>PMID: 7867057</ref>. First discovered in ''Drosophila'', where mutations of the single ''Hedgehog'' gene produces larvae that are covered in hedgehog-like denticles, Hh proteins are encoded by at least three genes in mammals - ''Sonic'', ''Desert'', and ''Indian hedgehog''<ref>PMID: 7916661</ref>. With the ability to control such fundamental processes as the anterioposterior patterning of vertebrate limb buds<ref name="limb">PMID: 8269518</ref>, the formation of motor neurons in the neural tube <ref name="neuron">PMID: 7736596</ref>, and the development and maintenance of tissues and organs<ref>PMID: 10980429</ref>, Shh is the most well-studied member of the Hh signaling proteins<ref name="papinsky">PMID: 10753901</ref>. Excessive signaling in adult cells has been implicated in the development of several human cancers<ref>PMID: 14737121</ref><ref name="Path">PMID: 12044012</ref>. Mutations in the ''Shh'' gene can also result in severe developmental consequences, including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holoprosencephaly holoprosencephaly] <ref>PMID: 8896572</ref>. | ||
See also [[Hedgehog | See also [[Hedgehog signaling pathway]]. | ||
= Biosynthesis = | = Biosynthesis = | ||