Aldehyde dehydrogenase: Difference between revisions
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* '''ALDH class 3''' is found in tumors, stomach and cornea. '''ALDH3A1''' is soluble and has substrate specificity to bulky aromatic aldehydes. '''ALDH3A2''' is a fatty ALDH (FALDH). FALDH was found to have an additional gatekeeper helix at the substrate funnel entrance that is shaping the enzymes substrate specificity. <ref>Keller, Markus A.; Zander, Ulrich; Fuchs, Julian E.; Kreutz, Christoph; Watschinger, Katrin et al. (2014). A gatekeeper helix determines the substrate specificity of Sjögren–Larsson Syndrome enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Nature Communications vol. 5.</ref><br /> | * '''ALDH class 3''' is found in tumors, stomach and cornea. '''ALDH3A1''' is soluble and has substrate specificity to bulky aromatic aldehydes. '''ALDH3A2''' is a fatty ALDH (FALDH). FALDH was found to have an additional gatekeeper helix at the substrate funnel entrance that is shaping the enzymes substrate specificity. <ref>Keller, Markus A.; Zander, Ulrich; Fuchs, Julian E.; Kreutz, Christoph; Watschinger, Katrin et al. (2014). A gatekeeper helix determines the substrate specificity of Sjögren–Larsson Syndrome enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Nature Communications vol. 5.</ref><br /> | ||
* '''ALDH family 7 member A1''' is known as '''antiquitin''' and functions in the detoxification of aldehydes. <br /> | * '''ALDH family 7 member A1''' is known as '''antiquitin''' and functions in the detoxification of aldehydes. <br /> | ||
* '''Glyceraldehyde-3-phophate (G3P)-ALDH''' is called GAPDH. GADPH catalyzes the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in the presence of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and NAD. | * '''Glyceraldehyde-3-phophate (G3P)-ALDH''' is called GAPDH. GADPH catalyzes the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate in the presence of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and NAD. The aldehyde of G3P reacts with the cysteine-thiol to form a carboxylic acid in a high energy thioester form. The thioester is attacked by the inorganic phosphate and forms the acyl phosphate. GAPDH is part of the [[glycolysis]] pathway and Calvin cycle. GAPDH contains NAD-dependent and NADPH-dependent enzymes. For the complex of ALDH and nitroglycerine see [[NitroDur]]. | ||
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== Disease == | == Disease == | ||
ALDH inhibition is associate with Parkinson disease. | ALDH inhibition is associate with Parkinson disease. Inhibitors can include pesticides. Mitochondrial ALDH2 deficiency causes accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood following alcohol consumption resulting in the syndrome known as Alcohol flush syndrome. | ||
== Relevance == | == Relevance == | ||
Revision as of 14:53, 1 January 2023
FunctionAldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids while reducing NAD+ to NADH. In mammals there are 3 classes of ALDH and each contain constitutive and inducible forms.
See also: DiseaseALDH inhibition is associate with Parkinson disease. Inhibitors can include pesticides. Mitochondrial ALDH2 deficiency causes accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood following alcohol consumption resulting in the syndrome known as Alcohol flush syndrome. RelevanceBuildup of toxic aldehydes causes cell damage and cardiac diseases. Structural highlightsA cysteine-thiol at the active site of GAPDH plays a role in catalysis.
3D Structures of aldehyde dehydrogenaseAldehyde dehydrogenase 3D structures
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ReferencesReferences
- ↑ Keller, Markus A.; Zander, Ulrich; Fuchs, Julian E.; Kreutz, Christoph; Watschinger, Katrin et al. (2014). A gatekeeper helix determines the substrate specificity of Sjögren–Larsson Syndrome enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Nature Communications vol. 5.