Gluconeogenesis: Difference between revisions
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Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. In humans the main gluconeogenic precursors are lactate, glycerol (which is a part of the triglyceride molecule), alanine and glutamine. Other glucogenic amino acids and all citric acid cycle intermediates (through conversion to oxaloacetate) can also function as substrates for gluconeogenesis. | Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. In humans the main gluconeogenic precursors are lactate, glycerol (which is a part of the triglyceride molecule), alanine and glutamine. Other glucogenic amino acids and all citric acid cycle intermediates (through conversion to oxaloacetate) can also function as substrates for gluconeogenesis. | ||
<scene name='39/392339/Cv1/10'>Lactate</scene> is transported back to the liver where it is converted into <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/11'>pyruvate</scene> by the Cori cycle using the enzyme [[lactate dehydrogenase]]. <scene name='Lactate_Dehydrogenase/Cv/4'>Interconversion of pyruvate and lactate acid</scene>. Pyruvate, the first designated substrate of the gluconeogenic pathway, can then be used to generate glucose. | |||
[[Phosphoglycerate Kinase|Phosphoglycerate kinase]] is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/5'>1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG)</scene> to ADP producing <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/6'>3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG)</scene> and ATP: | [[Phosphoglycerate Kinase|Phosphoglycerate kinase]] is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/5'>1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG)</scene> to ADP producing <scene name='39/392339/Cv1/6'>3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG)</scene> and ATP: | ||