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<StructureSection load='4c4m' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4c4m]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.74&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='4c4m' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4c4m]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.74&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4c4m]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lk3_transgenic_mice Lk3 transgenic mice]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4C4M OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4C4M FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4c4m]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4C4M OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4C4M FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ASG:2-DEOXY-2-ACETAMIDO-BETA-D-GALACTOSE-4-SULFATE'>ASG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=BDP:BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANURONIC+ACID'>BDP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ASG:2-DEOXY-2-ACETAMIDO-BETA-D-GALACTOSE-4-SULFATE'>ASG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=BDP:BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANURONIC+ACID'>BDP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[4c4n|4c4n]]</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4c4m FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4c4m OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4c4m PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4c4m RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4c4m PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4c4m ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4c4m FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4c4m OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4c4m PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4c4m RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4c4m PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4c4m ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SHH_MOUSE SHH_MOUSE]] Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. In the absence of SHH, PTC represses the constitutive signaling activity of SMO. Also regulates another target, the gli oncogene. Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development: signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Displays both floor plate- and motor neuron-inducing activity. The threshold concentration of N-product required for motor neuron induction is 5-fold lower than that required for floor plate induction (By similarity).<ref>PMID:7736596</ref> 
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SHH_MOUSE SHH_MOUSE]] Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. In the absence of SHH, PTC represses the constitutive signaling activity of SMO. Also regulates another target, the gli oncogene. Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development: signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Displays both floor plate- and motor neuron-inducing activity. The threshold concentration of N-product required for motor neuron induction is 5-fold lower than that required for floor plate induction (By similarity).<ref>PMID:7736596</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Hedgehog (Hh) morphogens play fundamental roles during embryogenesis and adulthood, in health and disease. Multiple cell surface receptors regulate the Hh signaling pathway. Among these, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans shape Hh gradients and signal transduction. We have determined crystal structures of Sonic Hh complexes with two GAGs, heparin and chondroitin sulfate. The interaction determinants, confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and binding studies, reveal a previously not identified Hh site for GAG binding, common to all Hh proteins. The majority of Hh residues forming this GAG-binding site have been previously implicated in developmental diseases. Crystal packing analysis, combined with analytical ultracentrifugation of Sonic Hh-GAG complexes, suggests a potential mechanism for GAG-dependent Hh multimerization. Taken together, these results provide a direct mechanistic explanation of the observed correlation between disease and impaired Hh gradient formation. Moreover, GAG binding partially overlaps with the site of Hh interactions with an array of protein partners including Patched, hedgehog interacting protein, and the interference hedgehog protein family, suggesting a unique mechanism of Hh signaling modulation.
 
Structural insights into proteoglycan-shaped Hedgehog signaling.,Whalen DM, Malinauskas T, Gilbert RJ, Siebold C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 8;110(41):16420-16425. Epub 2013 Sep 23. PMID:24062467<ref>PMID:24062467</ref>
 
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4c4m" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Sonic Hedgehog|Sonic Hedgehog]]
*[[Sonic hedgehog 3D structures|Sonic hedgehog 3D structures]]
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Lk3 transgenic mice]]
[[Category: Mus musculus]]
[[Category: Gilbert, R J.C]]
[[Category: Gilbert RJC]]
[[Category: Malinauskas, T]]
[[Category: Malinauskas T]]
[[Category: Siebold, C]]
[[Category: Siebold C]]
[[Category: Whalen, D M]]
[[Category: Whalen DM]]
[[Category: Glycosaminoglycan]]
[[Category: Hedgehog signalling]]
[[Category: Heparan sulphate proteoglycan]]
[[Category: Morphogen]]
[[Category: Signaling protein]]

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