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<StructureSection load='1qlp' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1qlp]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1qlp' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1qlp]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1qlp]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=2psi 2psi]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1QLP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1QLP FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1qlp]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=2psi 2psi]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1QLP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1QLP FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[7api|7api]], [[8api|8api]], [[9api|9api]], [[1psi|1psi]], [[2psi|2psi]], [[1atu|1atu]], [[1kct|1kct]]</td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[7api|7api]], [[8api|8api]], [[9api|9api]], [[1psi|1psi]], [[2psi|2psi]], [[1atu|1atu]], [[1kct|1kct]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1qlp FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1qlp OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1qlp PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1qlp RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1qlp PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1qlp ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1qlp FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1qlp OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1qlp PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1qlp RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1qlp PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1qlp ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A1AT_HUMAN A1AT_HUMAN]] Defects in SERPINA1 are the cause of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613490 613490]]. A disorder whose most common manifestation is emphysema, which becomes evident by the third to fourth decade. A less common manifestation of the deficiency is liver disease, which occurs in children and adults, and may result in cirrhosis and liver failure. Environmental factors, particularly cigarette smoking, greatly increase the risk of emphysema at an earlier age.<ref>PMID:1905728</ref> <ref>PMID:2390072</ref> <ref>PMID:2227940</ref>   
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A1AT_HUMAN A1AT_HUMAN]] Defects in SERPINA1 are the cause of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613490 613490]]. A disorder whose most common manifestation is emphysema, which becomes evident by the third to fourth decade. A less common manifestation of the deficiency is liver disease, which occurs in children and adults, and may result in cirrhosis and liver failure. Environmental factors, particularly cigarette smoking, greatly increase the risk of emphysema at an earlier age.<ref>PMID:1905728</ref> <ref>PMID:2390072</ref> <ref>PMID:2227940</ref>   
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A1AT_HUMAN A1AT_HUMAN]] Inhibitor of serine proteases. Its primary target is elastase, but it also has a moderate affinity for plasmin and thrombin. Irreversibly inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasminogen activator. The aberrant form inhibits insulin-induced NO synthesis in platelets, decreases coagulation time and has proteolytic activity against insulin and plasmin.[:]<ref>PMID:1906855</ref> <ref>PMID:1406456</ref>  Short peptide from AAT: reversible chymotrypsin inhibitor. It also inhibits elastase, but not trypsin. Its major physiological function is the protection of the lower respiratory tract against proteolytic destruction by human leukocyte elastase (HLE).[:]<ref>PMID:1906855</ref> <ref>PMID:1406456</ref>   
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A1AT_HUMAN A1AT_HUMAN]] Inhibitor of serine proteases. Its primary target is elastase, but it also has a moderate affinity for plasmin and thrombin. Irreversibly inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasminogen activator. The aberrant form inhibits insulin-induced NO synthesis in platelets, decreases coagulation time and has proteolytic activity against insulin and plasmin.[:]<ref>PMID:1906855</ref> <ref>PMID:1406456</ref>  Short peptide from AAT: reversible chymotrypsin inhibitor. It also inhibits elastase, but not trypsin. Its major physiological function is the protection of the lower respiratory tract against proteolytic destruction by human leukocyte elastase (HLE).[:]<ref>PMID:1906855</ref> <ref>PMID:1406456</ref>   
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]

Revision as of 12:59, 15 September 2021

2.0 ANGSTROM STRUCTURE OF INTACT ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN: A CANONICAL TEMPLATE FOR ACTIVE SERPINS2.0 ANGSTROM STRUCTURE OF INTACT ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN: A CANONICAL TEMPLATE FOR ACTIVE SERPINS

Structural highlights

1qlp is a 1 chain structure with sequence from Human. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry 2psi. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Gene:ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN (HUMAN)
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

[A1AT_HUMAN] Defects in SERPINA1 are the cause of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) [MIM:613490]. A disorder whose most common manifestation is emphysema, which becomes evident by the third to fourth decade. A less common manifestation of the deficiency is liver disease, which occurs in children and adults, and may result in cirrhosis and liver failure. Environmental factors, particularly cigarette smoking, greatly increase the risk of emphysema at an earlier age.[1] [2] [3]

Function

[A1AT_HUMAN] Inhibitor of serine proteases. Its primary target is elastase, but it also has a moderate affinity for plasmin and thrombin. Irreversibly inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasminogen activator. The aberrant form inhibits insulin-induced NO synthesis in platelets, decreases coagulation time and has proteolytic activity against insulin and plasmin.[:][4] [5] Short peptide from AAT: reversible chymotrypsin inhibitor. It also inhibits elastase, but not trypsin. Its major physiological function is the protection of the lower respiratory tract against proteolytic destruction by human leukocyte elastase (HLE).[:][6] [7]

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Members of the serpin family of serine proteinase inhibitors play important roles in the inflammatory, coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement cascades. An inherent part of their function is the ability to undergo a structural rearrangement, the stressed (S) to relaxed (R) transition, in which an extra strand is inserted into the central A beta-sheet. In order for this transition to take place, the A sheet has to be unusually flexible. Malfunctions in this flexibility can lead to aberrant protein linkage, serpin inactivation, and diseases as diverse as cirrhosis, thrombosis, angioedema, emphysema, and dementia. The development of agents that control this conformational rearrangement requires a high resolution structure of an active serpin. We present here the topology of the archetypal serpin alpha1-antitrypsin to 2 A resolution. This structure allows us to define five cavities that are potential targets for rational drug design to develop agents that will prevent conformational transitions and ameliorate the associated disease.

Topography of a 2.0 A structure of alpha1-antitrypsin reveals targets for rational drug design to prevent conformational disease.,Elliott PR, Pei XY, Dafforn TR, Lomas DA Protein Sci. 2000 Jul;9(7):1274-81. PMID:10933492[8]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Seyama K, Nukiwa T, Takabe K, Takahashi H, Miyake K, Kira S. Siiyama (serine 53 (TCC) to phenylalanine 53 (TTC)). A new alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficient variant with mutation on a predicted conserved residue of the serpin backbone. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 5;266(19):12627-32. PMID:1905728
  2. ↑ Holmes MD, Brantly ML, Fells GA, Crystal RG. Alpha 1-antitrypsin Wbethesda: molecular basis of an unusual alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency variant. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Aug 16;170(3):1013-20. PMID:2390072
  3. ↑ Graham A, Kalsheker NA, Bamforth FJ, Newton CR, Markham AF. Molecular characterisation of two alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency variants: proteinase inhibitor (Pi) Null(Newport) (Gly115----Ser) and (Pi) Z Wrexham (Ser-19----Leu). Hum Genet. 1990 Oct;85(5):537-40. PMID:2227940
  4. ↑ Tanaka N, Sekiya S, Takamizawa H, Kato N, Moriyama Y, Fujimura S. Characterization of a 54 kDa, alpha 1-antitrypsin-like protein isolated from ascitic fluid of an endometrial cancer patient. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1991 Jun;82(6):693-700. PMID:1906855
  5. ↑ Niemann MA, Narkates AJ, Miller EJ. Isolation and serine protease inhibitory activity of the 44-residue, C-terminal fragment of alpha 1-antitrypsin from human placenta. Matrix. 1992 Jun;12(3):233-41. PMID:1406456
  6. ↑ Tanaka N, Sekiya S, Takamizawa H, Kato N, Moriyama Y, Fujimura S. Characterization of a 54 kDa, alpha 1-antitrypsin-like protein isolated from ascitic fluid of an endometrial cancer patient. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1991 Jun;82(6):693-700. PMID:1906855
  7. ↑ Niemann MA, Narkates AJ, Miller EJ. Isolation and serine protease inhibitory activity of the 44-residue, C-terminal fragment of alpha 1-antitrypsin from human placenta. Matrix. 1992 Jun;12(3):233-41. PMID:1406456
  8. ↑ Elliott PR, Pei XY, Dafforn TR, Lomas DA. Topography of a 2.0 A structure of alpha1-antitrypsin reveals targets for rational drug design to prevent conformational disease. Protein Sci. 2000 Jul;9(7):1274-81. PMID:10933492

1qlp, resolution 2.00Å

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