Growth factors: Difference between revisions
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Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein composed of only <scene name='12/128258/Epoalpha/1'>Alpha Helices</scene>. The sulfur of the cysteine residues links to form disulfide bonds. These disulfide bonds help keep EPO's structure. Helix A is connected to Helix D by <scene name='58/583377/Epocyslabels/1'>Cys7 and Cys161</scene>, while Helix A and Helix B are connected by <scene name='58/583377/Epocyslabels/1'>Cys29 and Cys33</scene> . EPO’s structure was determined in 1993. It is made up of four alpha helixes. EPO is produced mainly in the kidney, but further research has shown the brain and liver still produce small amounts. | Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein composed of only <scene name='12/128258/Epoalpha/1'>Alpha Helices</scene>. The sulfur of the cysteine residues links to form disulfide bonds. These disulfide bonds help keep EPO's structure. Helix A is connected to Helix D by <scene name='58/583377/Epocyslabels/1'>Cys7 and Cys161</scene>, while Helix A and Helix B are connected by <scene name='58/583377/Epocyslabels/1'>Cys29 and Cys33</scene> . EPO’s structure was determined in 1993. It is made up of four alpha helixes. EPO is produced mainly in the kidney, but further research has shown the brain and liver still produce small amounts. | ||
The <scene name='12/128258/Eporeceptor/3'>EPO receptor</scene> of the blood marrow is part of the hematipoietic cytokine family. This receptor has a single transmembrane domain, that forms a homodimer complex until it is activated by the binding of EPO. This receptor is 484 amino acids long and weigh 52.6 kDa. Once the homodimer is formed after the binding, autophosphorlation of the Jak2 kinases, which activates other cellular processes. This transmembrane receptor has two extracellular domains. This receptor has two disulfide bonds that are formed from 4 cystine residues, <scene name='58/583377/Eporeceptord1d2cyslabel/1'>Cys67 and Cys83 and Cys28 and Cys38</scene>. The intracellular domain of this receptor does not possess any enzymatic activity like other receptors. When EPO comes in contact with the extracellular domains form a ligand bond. The extracellular sinding site 1 and Binding site 2 are composed of <scene name='58/583377/Eporeceptord1d2/1'>D1 and D2</scene>. When EPO binds, all loops on D1 and D2 of binding site one form a bind with EPO. However loop 4 of D1 on binding site 2 does not participate in the binding of EPO <ref>PMID: 9774108</ref>. After the biniding of EPO, 8 tyrosine residues are phosphoralated which activates the <scene name='58/583377/Jak2/2'>Jak2 kinase</scene> . This kinase helps regulate the transcription of different genes and expression of other proteins. | The <scene name='12/128258/Eporeceptor/3'>EPO receptor</scene> of the blood marrow is part of the hematipoietic cytokine family. This receptor has a single transmembrane domain, that forms a homodimer complex until it is activated by the binding of EPO. This receptor is 484 amino acids long and weigh 52.6 kDa. Once the homodimer is formed after the binding, autophosphorlation of the Jak2 kinases, which activates other cellular processes. This transmembrane receptor has two extracellular domains. This receptor has two disulfide bonds that are formed from 4 cystine residues, <scene name='58/583377/Eporeceptord1d2cyslabel/1'>Cys67 and Cys83 and Cys28 and Cys38</scene>. The intracellular domain of this receptor does not possess any enzymatic activity like other receptors. When EPO comes in contact with the extracellular domains form a ligand bond. The extracellular sinding site 1 and Binding site 2 are composed of <scene name='58/583377/Eporeceptord1d2/1'>D1 and D2</scene>. When EPO binds, all loops on D1 and D2 of binding site one form a bind with EPO. However loop 4 of D1 on binding site 2 does not participate in the binding of EPO <ref>PMID: 9774108</ref>. After the biniding of EPO, 8 tyrosine residues are phosphoralated which activates the <scene name='58/583377/Jak2/2'>Jak2 kinase</scene>. This kinase helps regulate the transcription of different genes and expression of other proteins. | ||
<scene name='70/705725/Cv/3'>Human erythropoietin receptor with erythropoietin</scene> (PDB code [[1cn4]]).<ref>PMID:9774108</ref> | |||
*[[Fibroblast growth factor]] and [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor]] | *[[Fibroblast growth factor]] and [[Fibroblast growth factor receptor]] | ||