2om9: Difference between revisions
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==Ajulemic acid, a synthetic cannabinoid bound to PPAR gamma== | ==Ajulemic acid, a synthetic cannabinoid bound to PPAR gamma== | ||
<StructureSection load='2om9' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2om9]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> | <StructureSection load='2om9' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2om9]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80Å' scene=''> | ||
== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2om9]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [ | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2om9]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2OM9 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2OM9 FirstGlance]. <br> | ||
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AJA:(6AR,10AR)-3-(1,1-DIMETHYLHEPTYL)-1-HYDROXY-6,6-DIMETHYL-6A,7,10,10A-TETRAHYDRO-6H-BENZO[C]CHROMENE-9-CARBOXYLIC+ACID'>AJA</scene></td></tr> | </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AJA:(6AR,10AR)-3-(1,1-DIMETHYLHEPTYL)-1-HYDROXY-6,6-DIMETHYL-6A,7,10,10A-TETRAHYDRO-6H-BENZO[C]CHROMENE-9-CARBOXYLIC+ACID'>AJA</scene></td></tr> | ||
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PPARG, NR1C3 ([ | <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PPARG, NR1C3 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> | ||
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[ | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2om9 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2om9 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2om9 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2om9 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2om9 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2om9 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
== Disease == | == Disease == | ||
[[ | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN]] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601665 601665]]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.<ref>PMID:9753710</ref> Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604367 604367]]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.<ref>PMID:12453919</ref> <ref>PMID:11788685</ref> Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/137800 137800]]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility. | ||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
[[ | [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN]] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.<ref>PMID:9065481</ref> <ref>PMID:16150867</ref> <ref>PMID:20829347</ref> | ||
== Evolutionary Conservation == | == Evolutionary Conservation == | ||
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Peroxisome | *[[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
[[Category: Human]] | [[Category: Human]] | ||
[[Category: Large Structures]] | |||
[[Category: Ambrosio, A L.B]] | [[Category: Ambrosio, A L.B]] | ||
[[Category: Garratt, R C]] | [[Category: Garratt, R C]] | ||
Revision as of 16:00, 9 June 2021
Ajulemic acid, a synthetic cannabinoid bound to PPAR gammaAjulemic acid, a synthetic cannabinoid bound to PPAR gamma
Structural highlights
Disease[PPARG_HUMAN] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:601665]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.[1] Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.[2] [3] Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:137800]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility. Function[PPARG_HUMAN] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.[4] [5] [6] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedAjulemic acid (AJA) is a synthetic analog of THC-11-oic acid, a metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major active ingredient of the recreational drug marijuana derived from the plant Cannabis sativa. AJA has potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, but without the psychotropic action of THC. However, its precise mechanism of action remains unknown. Biochemical studies indicate that AJA binds directly and selectively to the isotype gamma of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma) suggesting that this may be a pharmacologically relevant receptor for this compound and a potential target for drug development in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Here, we report the crystal structure of the ligand binding domain of the gamma isotype of human PPAR in complex with ajulemic acid, determined at 2.8-A resolution. Our results show a binding mode that is compatible with other known partial agonists of PPAR, explaining their moderate activation of the receptor, as well as the structural basis for isotype selectivity, as observed previously in vitro. The structure also provides clues to the understanding of partial agonism itself, suggesting a rational approach to the design of molecules capable of activating the receptor at levels that avoid undesirable side effects. Ajulemic acid, a synthetic nonpsychoactive cannabinoid acid, bound to the ligand binding domain of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.,Ambrosio AL, Dias SM, Polikarpov I, Zurier RB, Burstein SH, Garratt RC J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 22;282(25):18625-33. Epub 2007 Apr 26. PMID:17462987[7] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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