Lipids: structure and classification: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load='Insert PDB code or filename here' size='500' side='right' caption='' scene='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/1'> | <StructureSection load='Insert PDB code or filename here' size='500' side='right' caption='' scene='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/1'> | ||
:'''Lipids'''. | :'''Lipids'''. | ||
Lipids are organic biomolecules that always contain C, H and O. They can also contain N and P. Chemically, they constitute a heterogeneous group. However, all of them share the hydrocarbon nature of at least part of their molecule, which explains why they are hydrophobic or, in some cases, amphipathic substances. | |||
Lipids are organic biomolecules that always contain C, H and O. They can also contain N and P. Chemically, they constitute a heterogeneous group. However, all of them share the hydrocarbon nature of at least part of their molecule, which explains why they are hydrophobic or, in some cases, amphipathic substances. | |||
*'''Fatty acids'''.- | *'''Fatty acids'''.- | ||
Fatty acids are commonly found as building blocks of lipids, or covalently bound to cofactors or carrier proteins. In nature, small amounts are also found in the free state. Fatty acids are simply organic acids that have a long hydrocarbon chain (the most common from 12 to 24 carbon atoms). | Fatty acids are commonly found as building blocks of lipids, or covalently bound to cofactors or carrier proteins. In nature, small amounts are also found in the free state. Fatty acids are simply organic acids that have a long hydrocarbon chain (the most common from 12 to 24 carbon atoms). | ||
In the window on the right we can see the molecular structure of <scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/6'>palmitic acid</scene>, a saturated fatty acid of 16 C. In it we can distinguish its <scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/3'>carboxyl group</scene>, and its <scene name='60/603296/Oleico/2'>oleic acid</scene>, in which all the bonds of the skeleton are single bonds (from hence the denomination saturated). | |||
Below we can see the structure of <scene name='60/603296/Oleico/2'>coleic acid</scene>, a 16 C monounsaturated fatty acid with a double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the hydrocarbon chain. Natural monounsaturated fatty acids are mostly cis-unsaturated, given the configuration of the substituents around the mentioned double bond. | In the window on the right we can see the molecular structure of <scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/6'>palmitic acid</scene>, a saturated fatty acid of 16 C. In it we can distinguish its <scene name='60/603296/Acidosgrasos/3'>carboxyl group</scene>, and its <scene name='60/603296/Oleico/2'>oleic acid</scene>, in which all the bonds of the skeleton are single bonds (from hence the denomination saturated). | ||
Fatty acids can have more than one double bond, and are then called polyunsaturated. <scene name='60/603296/Linoleico/1'>Linoleic acid</scene>, with <scene name='60/603296/Linoleico/2'>two double bounds</scene> in cis configuration in the positions shown in the image, is one of them. | |||
There are also polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linolenic acid, which have <scene name='60/603296/Linolenico/4'>three double bounds</scene>. | Below we can see the structure of <scene name='60/603296/Oleico/2'>coleic acid</scene>, a 16 C monounsaturated fatty acid with a double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the hydrocarbon chain. Natural monounsaturated fatty acids are mostly cis-unsaturated, given the configuration of the substituents around the mentioned double bond. | ||
Fatty acids can have more than one double bond, and are then called polyunsaturated. <scene name='60/603296/Linoleico/1'>Linoleic acid</scene>, with <scene name='60/603296/Linoleico/2'>two double bounds</scene> in cis configuration in the positions shown in the image, is one of them. | |||
There are also polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linolenic acid, which have <scene name='60/603296/Linolenico/4'>three double bounds</scene>. | |||
Revision as of 00:38, 18 October 2020
Lipids are organic biomolecules that always contain C, H and O. They can also contain N and P. Chemically, they constitute a heterogeneous group. However, all of them share the hydrocarbon nature of at least part of their molecule, which explains why they are hydrophobic or, in some cases, amphipathic substances.
Fatty acids are commonly found as building blocks of lipids, or covalently bound to cofactors or carrier proteins. In nature, small amounts are also found in the free state. Fatty acids are simply organic acids that have a long hydrocarbon chain (the most common from 12 to 24 carbon atoms). In the window on the right we can see the molecular structure of , a saturated fatty acid of 16 C. In it we can distinguish its , and its , in which all the bonds of the skeleton are single bonds (from hence the denomination saturated). Below we can see the structure of , a 16 C monounsaturated fatty acid with a double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the hydrocarbon chain. Natural monounsaturated fatty acids are mostly cis-unsaturated, given the configuration of the substituents around the mentioned double bond. Fatty acids can have more than one double bond, and are then called polyunsaturated. , with in cis configuration in the positions shown in the image, is one of them. There are also polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linolenic acid, which have .
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See AlsoSee Also
- Lípidos: estructura y clasificación
- Gramicidin Channel in Lipid Bilayer / Canal de gramicidina en bicapa lipídica (Spanish)
- Lipid bilayers and gramicidin channel includes models of gel and liquid forms of bilayers. / Modelo de bicapa lipídica y canal de gramicidina
ReferencesReferences
- Molecular models in this page were created or modified from PDB files by Alejandro Porto using the tool JSME Molecular Editor [1]