Ion channels: Difference between revisions
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Most ion channels are specific to an ion, like the '''sodium channels''', or the [[Potassium Channel]]<ref>PMID:19165895</ref>.<br /> | Most ion channels are specific to an ion, like the '''sodium channels''', or the [[Potassium Channel]]<ref>PMID:19165895</ref>.<br /> | ||
'''TRP channels''' let through various cations<ref>PMID:17579562</ref>.<br /> | '''TRP channels''' let through various cations<ref>PMID:17579562</ref>.<br /> | ||
Another property of ion channels is that they can be either driven by voltage or by concentration gradients, or they can be gated (by voltage, ligands, touch and other sensory signal). '''Potassium channels''' (KCh) are subdivided to voltage-gated KCh and calcium-dependent KCh. The latter are subdivided into high- (BK, LKCa), intermediate- and small-conductance KCh (human SK1, rat SK2, SKCa). See [[Potassium Channel|Potassium channels]].<br /> | Another property of ion channels is that they can be either driven by voltage or by concentration gradients, or they can be gated (by voltage, ligands, touch and other sensory signal). | ||
'''Potassium channels''' (KCh) are subdivided to voltage-gated KCh and calcium-dependent KCh. The latter are subdivided into high- (BK, LKCa), intermediate- and small-conductance KCh (human SK1, rat SK2, SKCa). | |||
See: | |||
[[Potassium Channel|Potassium channels]].<br /> | |||
'''MthK''' is a calcium-dependent potassium channel from ''Methanobacterium thermoautrophicum''<ref>PMID:16735753</ref>.<br /> | '''MthK''' is a calcium-dependent potassium channel from ''Methanobacterium thermoautrophicum''<ref>PMID:16735753</ref>.<br /> | ||
'''MscL''' and '''MscS''' are large- and small-conductance mechanosensitive channels which protect bacteria from osmotic shock by allowing ions to flow across the cell membrane<ref>PMID:12046893</ref>. See [[Mechanosensitive channels: opening and closing]].<br /> | '''MscL''' and '''MscS''' are large- and small-conductance mechanosensitive channels which protect bacteria from osmotic shock by allowing ions to flow across the cell membrane<ref>PMID:12046893</ref>. | ||
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[[Mechanosensitive channels: opening and closing]].<br /> | |||
'''Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels''' (VDCC) allow calcium ions to enter the cell resulting in muscle contraction, neuron excitation or hormone release. VDCC are composed of several subunits and are named as a Cav gene product<ref>PMID:16096350</ref>. <br /> | '''Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels''' (VDCC) allow calcium ions to enter the cell resulting in muscle contraction, neuron excitation or hormone release. VDCC are composed of several subunits and are named as a Cav gene product<ref>PMID:16096350</ref>. <br /> | ||
See:<br /> | See:<br /> | ||
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[[Voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.1 complex]].<br /> | [[Voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.1 complex]].<br /> | ||
There are also '''Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels''' (VDAC)<ref>PMID:16787253</ref>.<br /> | There are also '''Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels''' (VDAC)<ref>PMID:16787253</ref>.<br /> | ||
'''Chloride ion channels''' (ClCh) are involved in maintaining pH, volume homeostasis and more. The anti-parasitic drug [[Ivermectin]] binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels. | '''Chloride ion channels''' (ClCh) are involved in maintaining pH, volume homeostasis and more. The anti-parasitic drug [[Ivermectin]] binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels. | ||
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[[Chloride Ion Channel]] | |||
[[User:Laura Fountain/Chloride Ion Channel]] | |||
[[Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 2]]<br /> | |||
'''Ligand-Gated Ion Channels''' (LGIC) open or close when binding a ligand like a neurotransmitter<ref>PMID:15288758</ref>.<br /> | '''Ligand-Gated Ion Channels''' (LGIC) open or close when binding a ligand like a neurotransmitter<ref>PMID:15288758</ref>.<br /> | ||
'''Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated channels''' (CNGC) conduct cations upon binding of cAMP or cGMP<ref>PMID:12087135</ref>.<br /> | '''Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated channels''' (CNGC) conduct cations upon binding of cAMP or cGMP<ref>PMID:12087135</ref>.<br /> | ||