Hsp70: Difference between revisions
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Chaperons require energy do to their job. The structure within the chaperon in which ATP hydrolysis occurs in the Nucleotide Binding Domain (NBD) is directly attached to the Substrate Binding Domain (SBD). This is a favorable set up as the energy produced by ATP hydrolysis can be directly coupled with a change in shape of the substrate binding domain that allows for substrate folding/refolding. The interaction between the protein’s function and ATP binding as well as peptide binding is known to be allosteric, or the binding of a molecule to the protein regulates, or transmits a signal, to another area of the protein either enhancing or inhibiting function in that area/domain. | Chaperons require energy do to their job. The structure within the chaperon in which ATP hydrolysis occurs in the Nucleotide Binding Domain (NBD) is directly attached to the Substrate Binding Domain (SBD). This is a favorable set up as the energy produced by ATP hydrolysis can be directly coupled with a change in shape of the substrate binding domain that allows for substrate folding/refolding. The interaction between the protein’s function and ATP binding as well as peptide binding is known to be allosteric, or the binding of a molecule to the protein regulates, or transmits a signal, to another area of the protein either enhancing or inhibiting function in that area/domain. | ||
A <scene name='81/813405/Scene_alex_4/1'>proline switch</scene> has been discovered in position 147 of human Hsp70. A study done to understand this mechanism used E. coli’s DnaK which is a homolog of human Hsp70. Proline 143 is the corresponding residue in DnaK for Proline 147 in the ATPase domain. This proline is universally conserved and undertakes alternate conformations in response to ATP binding and hydrolysis. This proline is directly involved in catalytic residue positioning by facilitating the contact between Lys70 (Lys71 in humans)… and/or Glu171 (Glu175 in humans). Changing the Proline to an Alanine or Glycine residue affected Lysine70’s positioning in the catalytic domain. Furthermore, lack of an extra amide hydrogen in proline, as opposed to Alanine and Glycine’s extra hydrogen on their amide group, seems to be beneficial for interaction with the Glutamine171 residue <ref name="Vogel">Vogel, M., Bukau, B., & Mayer, M. P. (2006). Allosteric Regulation of Hsp70 Chaperones by a Proline Switch. Molecular Cell, 21(3), 359-367. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.12.017</ref>. Both findings show how critical the proline residue is for catalytic domain function because without it the rate of ATP hydrolysis is greatly reduced. The Lys70 and Glu171 are positioned ideally for nucleophilic attack by water to hydrolyze the bound ATP. This process then sends a signal to the SBD to open its pocket which finally allows substrate binding | A <scene name='81/813405/Scene_alex_4/1'>proline switch</scene> has been discovered in position 147 of human Hsp70. A study done to understand this mechanism used E. coli’s DnaK which is a homolog of human Hsp70. Proline 143 is the corresponding residue in DnaK for Proline 147 in the ATPase domain. This proline is universally conserved and undertakes alternate conformations in response to ATP binding and hydrolysis. This proline is directly involved in catalytic residue positioning by facilitating the contact between Lys70 (Lys71 in humans)… and/or Glu171 (Glu175 in humans). Changing the Proline to an Alanine or Glycine residue affected Lysine70’s positioning in the catalytic domain. Furthermore, lack of an extra amide hydrogen in proline, as opposed to Alanine and Glycine’s extra hydrogen on their amide group, seems to be beneficial for interaction with the Glutamine171 residue <ref name="Vogel">Vogel, M., Bukau, B., & Mayer, M. P. (2006). Allosteric Regulation of Hsp70 Chaperones by a Proline Switch. Molecular Cell, 21(3), 359-367. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.12.017</ref>. Both findings show how critical the proline residue is for catalytic domain function because without it the rate of ATP hydrolysis is greatly reduced. The Lys70 and Glu171 are positioned ideally for nucleophilic attack by water to hydrolyze the bound ATP. This process then sends a signal to the SBD to open its pocket which finally allows substrate binding <ref name="Vogel">. | ||
An image of the residues in the NBD contact with the ADP can be viewed <scene name='81/813405/Contact_to_adp/1'>here</scene>. | An image of the residues in the NBD contact with the ADP can be viewed <scene name='81/813405/Contact_to_adp/1'>here</scene>. | ||