Galectin

Function Galectin (GAL) are lectins which bind β-galactosidase (BGAL). GAL contains a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) residues 113-250. GAL-1 is thought to play a role as autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation. GAL-2 is expressed primarily in gastrointestinal tract. GAL-3 has broad biological functionality. GAL-4 has 2 CRDs. GAL-5 is found in rat is a β-galactoside binding lectin. GAL-7 is associated with epithelial cells. GAL-8 has a role in cellular defense against bacterial infection and vacuolar damage. GAL-9 affects eosinophil survival. GAL-10 or Charcot-Leyden crystal protein acts on biological membranes to regulate the multifunctional lysophospholipids. GAL-13 is a placental protein which does not bind β-galactosides. Relevance GAL are known to inhibit chronic inflammation. GAL-3 has a role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and melanoma methastasis. Structural highlights The CRD is a β-sandwich long enough to bind a tetrasaccharide. A . Water molecules shown as red spheres.

spinqualitylabelsall models Structure of human galectin-1 complex with lactose, mercaptoethanol and sulfate (PDB entry 1w6o) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image

3D structures of galectin3D structures of galectin

Updated on 31-March-2019

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• Galectin-1
  • 1slt, 1sla, 1slb, 1slc – GAL-1 + BGAL – bovine
    
  • 1hlc – hGAL-1 + lactose – human
    
  • 3w58, 3w59 – hGAL-1
    
  • 2km2 – hGAL-1 -NMR
    
  • 1w6n, 1w6q - hGAL-1 (mutant)
    
  • 1w6o, 2zkn – hGAL-1 (mutant) + lactose
    
  • 4q26, 4q27, 4xbl - hGAL-1 + acetyl lactosamine
    
  • 1w6p – hGAL-1 (mutant) + acetyl lactosamine
    
  • 4y1u, 4y1v, 4y1x, 4y1y, 4y1z, 4y20, 4y22, 4y24 - hGAL-1 N-terminal + Gal-GlcNac
    
  • 1gzw – hGAL-1 + BGAL
    
  • 1w6m – hGAL(mutant) + BGAL
    
  • 3oy8 – hGAL-1 + lactobionic acid
    
  • 3oyw - hGAL-1 + thio-digalactoside
    
  • 3t2t, 4q1p, 4q1r, 4q2f – hGAL-1 + inhibitor
    
  • 5mwt, 5mwx – hGAL-1 + ligand
    
  • 1gan – tGAL-1 + BGAL – toad
    
  • 1a78 – tGAL-1 + thio-digalactose
    
  • 3m2m, 4ga9 - rGAL-1 + lactose – rat
    
  • 4no4 - rGAL-1 (mutant) + lactose
    
  • 4lbq – mGAL-1 – mouse
    
• Galectin-2
  • 1ul9 – CchGAL-2 – Coprinopsis cinerea
    
  • 2ymz – GAL-2 – chicken
    
  • 1ulc – CcGAL-2 + lactose
    
  • 1ulg - CcGAL-2 + BGAL
    
  • 1uld, 2wkk – CcGAL-2 + BGAL + fucose
    
  • 1ule, 1ulf – CcGAL-2 + polysaccharide
    
  • 5dg1, 5dg2, 5ews - hGAL-2 N-terminal
    
• Galectin-3
  • 3zsk, 3zsl, 3zsm, 5nlc – hGAL-3 CRD
    
  • 6f2q - hGAL-3 CRD – neutron
    
  • 1a3k, 1kjl, 2nmn – hGAL-3 CRD + BGAL
    
  • 2nmo - hGAL-3 CRD + glucose + BGAL
    
  • 2nn8, 3aye, 3zsj, 4r9a, 4r9b, 4r9c, 4r9d, 4rl7 - hGAL-3 CRD + lactose
    
  • 1kjr , 4xbn, 5nf7, 5nf9, 5nla, 5nlb – hGAL-3 CRD + lactosamine derivative
    
  • 2xg3, 3t1l, 3t1m, 5e88, 5e89, 5e8a, 5exo, 5h9p, 5h9r, 5iuq - hGAL-3 CRD + inhibitor
    
  • 3aya - hGAL-3 CRD + antigen
    
  • 3ayc, 3ayd, 4jc1, 4jck - hGAL-3 CRD + polysaccharide
    
  • 4lbj, 4lbk, 4lbl, 4lbm, 4lbn, 4lbo - hGAL-3 CRD (mutant) + glycosphingolipid
    
  • 4bli, 4blj, 4bm8, 5oax, 5ody - hGAL-3 CRD + thiogalactoside derivative
    
• Galectin-4
  • 1x50 – hGAL-4 CRD – NMR
    
  • 4xzp, 5duu - hGAL-4 N terminal
    
  • 5duv, 5duw, 5dux - hGAL-4 N terminal + lactose derivative
    
  • 4ylz, 4ym0 - hGAL-4 CRD + lacto-neotetraose
    
  • 4ym1, 4ym2, 4ym3, 5cbl - hGAL-4 CRD + lactose derivative
    
  • 2dyc – mGAL-4 CRD
    
  • 3i8t – mGAL-4 + lactose
    
• Galectin-5
  • 5jp5 – rGAL-5
    
  • 5jpg – rGAL-5 + lactose
    
• Galectin-7
  • 1bkz, 3zxf – hGAL-7
    
  • 4gal – hGAL-7 + lactose
    
  • 2gal - hGAL-7 + BGAL
    
  • 3gal – hGAL-7 + galactosamine
    
  • 5gal, 4xbq – hGAL-7 + acetyllactosamine
    
  • 3zxe, 5h9q, 5h9s - hGAL-7 N-terminal + inhibitor
    
  • 4uw3, 4uw4, 4uw5, 4uw6 – hGAL-7 + galactose-based dendron
    
  • 4y26 - hGAL-7 N-terminal + Gal-GlcNac
    
• Galectin-8
  • 2yro – hGAL-8 CRD – NMR
    
  • 3ap5, 3apb, 3ap9, 3vkn - hGAL-8 CRD
    
  • 3ap4, 3ap6, 3vkl - hGAL-8 CRD + lactose
    
  • 3ap7, 3vkm - hGAL-8 CRD + sialyllactose
    
  • 3ap8, 3vko - hGAL-8 CRD + polysaccharide
    
  • 4gxl, 4han - hGAL-8 CRD + NDP52 peptide
    
  • 4fqz – hGAL-8 CRD (mutant) + glucose + BGAL
    
  • 2yv8, 5gzc, 5gzd, 5gze, 5gzf, 5gzg, 5t7u – hGAL-8 N terminal
    
  • 3ojb - hGAL-8 C terminal
    
  • 2yxs, 4bmb – hGAL-8 N terminal + lactose
    
  • 4bme, 5t7s – hGAL-8 N terminal (mutant) + lactose
    
  • 5t7i – hGAL-8 N terminal + LNNT
    
  • 5t7t – hGAL-8 N terminal (mutant) + LNT
    
  • 2yy1 – hGAL-8 N terminal + acetyllactosamine
    
  • 5vwg – hGAL-8 N terminal (mutant) + galactopyranoside derivative
    
  • 4wvv, 4wvw - cGAL-8 N terminal + lactose derivative
    
• Galectin-9
  • 2d6k, 2d6l – mGAL-9 CRD
    
  • 2d6m – mGAL-9 CRD + lactose
    
  • 2d6n, 2d6o– mGAL-9 CRD + acetyllactosamine
    
  • 2d6p – mGAL-9 CRD + antigen
    
  • 3lsd – hGAL-9 N terminal
    
  • 3wv6 – hGAL-9 (mutant)
    
  • 3nv1 – hGAL-9 CRD
    
  • 3lse – hGAL-9 N terminal + lactose
    
  • 2eak, 3wlu - hGAL-9 CRD + lactose
    
  • 3nv4 - hGAL-9 CRD + sialyllactose
    
  • 2zhk, 2zhl, 2zhm, 2zhn, 3nv2 - hGAL-9 CRD + acetyllactosamine
    
  • 3nv3 - hGAL-9 CRD + polysaccharide
    
  • 2eal - mGAL-9 CRD + pentasaccharide
• Galectin-10
  • 5xrg, 5xrh – hGAL-10
    
  • 5yt4, 5xri, 5xrj, 5xrk, 5xrl, 5xrm, 5xrn, 5xro, 5xrp – hGAL-10 (mutant)
    
  • 1bkz – hGAL-10 + mannose
    
  • 1hdk – hGAL-10 + PCMBS
• Galectin-13 or galactoside-binding soluble lectin 13
  • 5xg7 – hGAL-13
    
  • 5y03, 5xg9 – hGAL-13 (mutant)
    
• Galectin
  • 1ww4 – AcGAL + NEUACA2-3-lacose – Agrocybe cylindracea
    
  • 1ww5, 1ww6 – AcGAL + lactose derivative
    
  • 1ww7 – AcGAL
    
  • 4agg, 4agr, 4agv – GAL - Cinachyrella
    
  • 4hl0, 5glt, 5glu, 5glv, 5glw, 5glz, 5gm0 – GAL – Toxascaris leonina
    
  • 3wuc, 3wud – GAL – Xenopus laevis
    
  • 5nld, 5nle, 5nlh, 5nlz, 5nm1, 5nm6, 5nmj – cGAL + lactose