DNA polymerase: Difference between revisions
Michal Harel (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Emily Bray (talk | contribs) Reorganized and added information, Fixed table Cori and I created. |
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''DNA polymerases''' are enzymes that play a key role in [[DNA]] replication. '''DNA replication''' is the process of splitting an existing double-stranded DNA molecule into two single strands of DNA, then using DNA polymerases to translate the single strands. The process of translation results in the creation of the '''complementary''' DNA strands and results in the creation of two double-stranded DNA molecules that are exact replicas of the original DNA molecule. The complementary strands are created in the 5'-3' direction. Certain DNA polymerases are also responsible for proofreading the newly synthesized DNA strand and using exonuclease to remove and replace any errors that occurred. DNA polymerases are divided into 7 families according to their sequence homology and 3D structure similarities.<ref>PMID:10364165</ref> The families are: | '''DNA polymerases''' are enzymes that play a key role in [[DNA]] replication. '''DNA replication''' is the process of splitting an existing double-stranded DNA molecule into two single strands of DNA, then using DNA polymerases to translate the single strands. The process of translation results in the creation of the '''complementary''' DNA strands and results in the creation of two double-stranded DNA molecules that are exact replicas of the original DNA molecule. The complementary strands are created in the 5'-3' direction. Certain DNA polymerases are also responsible for proofreading the newly synthesized DNA strand and using exonuclease to remove and replace any errors that occurred. DNA polymerases are divided into 7 families according to their sequence homology and 3D structure similarities.<ref>PMID:10364165</ref> The families are: | ||
* Family A - DNA replication and repair ( | * Family A - DNA replication and repair (DNA Polymerase I, γ) | ||
* Family B - DNA replication and repair ( | * Family B - DNA replication and repair (DNA Polymerase II, α, δ, ε). See [[DNA Polymerase in Thermococcus gorgonarius]]. | ||
* Family C - DNA replication in prokaryotes ( | * Family C - DNA replication in prokaryotes (DNA Polymerase III) | ||
* Family D - DNA replication in archaea | * Family D - DNA replication in archaea | ||
* Family X - DNA repair in eukaryotes ( | * Family X - DNA repair in eukaryotes (DNA Polymerase β, λ, μ) | ||
* Family Y - DNA replication of damaged DNA ( | * Family Y - DNA replication of damaged DNA (DNA Polymerase IV, V, η, ι, κ) | ||
* Family RT - reverse transcriptase (See [[Reverse transcriptase]].) | * Family RT - reverse transcriptase (See [[Reverse transcriptase]].) | ||