DNA Polymerase in Thermococcus gorgonarius: Difference between revisions
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==DNA Polymerase in ''Thermococcus gorgonarius''== | ==DNA Polymerase in ''Thermococcus gorgonarius''== | ||
<StructureSection load='1TGO' size='340' side='right' caption='DNA Polymerase from | <StructureSection load='1TGO' size='340' side='right' caption='DNA Polymerase from Thermococcus gorgonarius (PDB code [[1tgo]]) ' scene=''> | ||
'''DNA polymerase''' is an enzyme, which synthesizes new stands of DNA from preexisting DNA. DNA polymerases are the enzymes which catalyze the attachment of nucleotides one by one to synthesize a new DNA strand. The new DNA strands are always synthesized from 5’ to the 3’ direction. DNA polymerase I is composed of a single polypeptide that removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA. DNA polymerase III is responsible for the majority of the DNA replication and the proofreading of new DNA from 3’ to 5’. <ref name="PDBDNAPOL">DOI:10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2000_3</ref> DNA follows Chargaff’s rule, which states there is an equal amount of purines to pyrimidines. From Chargaff’s rule it is known that cytosine binds to guanine and adenine binds to thymine. <ref>PMID:10036207</ref> Each time a cell divides, DNA polymerase duplicates all of the cell’s DNA, and the cell passes one copy of DNA to each daughter cell. DNA polymerase makes roughly only one mistake per every billion base. Although Chargaff’s rule help makes the replication on DNA polymerase easier, an extra step of proofreading and cutting out the mismatched bases, after replication, is the reason why DNA polymerase is the most accurate enzyme. <ref name="PDBDNAPOL">DOI:10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2000_3</ref> | '''DNA polymerase''' is an enzyme, which synthesizes new stands of DNA from preexisting DNA. DNA polymerases are the enzymes which catalyze the attachment of nucleotides one by one to synthesize a new DNA strand. The new DNA strands are always synthesized from 5’ to the 3’ direction. DNA polymerase I is composed of a single polypeptide that removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA. DNA polymerase III is responsible for the majority of the DNA replication and the proofreading of new DNA from 3’ to 5’. <ref name="PDBDNAPOL">DOI:10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2000_3</ref> DNA follows Chargaff’s rule, which states there is an equal amount of purines to pyrimidines. From Chargaff’s rule it is known that cytosine binds to guanine and adenine binds to thymine. <ref>PMID:10036207</ref> Each time a cell divides, DNA polymerase duplicates all of the cell’s DNA, and the cell passes one copy of DNA to each daughter cell. DNA polymerase makes roughly only one mistake per every billion base. Although Chargaff’s rule help makes the replication on DNA polymerase easier, an extra step of proofreading and cutting out the mismatched bases, after replication, is the reason why DNA polymerase is the most accurate enzyme. <ref name="PDBDNAPOL">DOI:10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2000_3</ref> | ||