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| <StructureSection load='1ze2' size='400' side='right' caption='tRNA pseudouridine synthase complex with RNA and pseudouridine monophosphate [[1ze2]]' scene='46/465439/Cv/1' pspeed='8'> | | <StructureSection load='1ze2' size='400' side='right' caption='tRNA pseudouridine synthase complex with RNA and pseudouridine monophosphate [[1ze2]]' scene='46/465439/Cv/1' pspeed='8'> |
| == Function == | | == Function == |
| '''tRNA pseudouridine synthase''' (PUS) catalyzes the conversion of tRNA uridine to tRNA pseudouridine<ref>PMID:14566049</ref>. '''Probable tRNA pseudouridine synthase''' (PPUS) is a similar enzyme. PUS are active in the ribosomal large subunit '''Ribosomal large subunit pseudouridine synthase''' and in the ribosomal small subunit '''Ribosomal small subunit pseudouridine synthase'''.<br />
| | [[Pseudouridine]] is an abundant modified nucleotide found in RNA molecules. It is formed post-transcriptionally in RNA molecules by isomerization of the base of uridine. There are two major types of enzymes that catalyze this reaction: |
| Ribosomal large subunit pseudouridine synthases:<br />
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| *'''RluA''' is responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil in positions 746 in 23S ribosomal RNA and in the anticodon loop of tRNAPhe, tRNACys and tRNALeu<ref>PMID:17188032</ref>.<br />
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| *'''RluB''' is responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil in position 2605 in 23S ribosomal RNA<ref>PMID:24214967</ref>.<br />
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| *'''RluC''' is responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil in positions 955, 2504 and 2580 in 23S ribosomal RNA<ref>PMID:9660827</ref>.<br />
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| *'''RluD''' is responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil in positions 1911, 1915 and 1917 in 23S ribosomal RNA<ref>PMID:15928344</ref>.<br />
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| *'''RluE''' is responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil in position 2457 in 23S ribosomal RNA<ref>PMID:17320904</ref>.<br />
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| *'''RluF''' is responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil in position 2604 in 23S ribosomal RNA<ref>PMID:16712869</ref>.<br />
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| Ribosomal small subunit pseudouridine synthase '''RsuA''' is responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil in positions 516 in 16S ribosomal RNA<ref>PMID:11953756</ref>.<br />
| | * [[RNA-guided Pseudoridine synthase] -- ]Complexes of proteins and small RNAs have been identified in archaea and eukaryotes to catalyze these reactions. The small RNA in the complex serves as a guide element to specify the site of modification through base-pairing with the target RNA molecule. |
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| | * [[Guide-independent Pseudouridine synthase]] -- The alternative to using the RNA-guided mechanism for pseudouridine formation is a [[Guide-independent Pseudouridine synthase|guide-independent mechanism]] acting through stand-alone enzymes to catalyze formation. |
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| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| The conversion of uridine to pseudouridine causes conformational change of PUS<ref>PMID:14990747</ref>. <scene name='46/465439/Cv/3'>tRNA pseudouridine synthase binding with pseudouridine monophosphate</scene> ([[1ze2]]). | | The conversion of uridine to pseudouridine causes conformational change of PUS<ref>PMID:14990747</ref>. <scene name='46/465439/Cv/3'>tRNA pseudouridine synthase binding with pseudouridine monophosphate</scene> ([[1ze2]]). |
| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| == 3D Structures of pseudouridine synthase==
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| Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
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| {{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
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| *tRNA pseudouridine synthase
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| **[[1dj0]] – EcPUS I – ''Escherichia coli''<BR />
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| **[[4iqm]], [[4its]], [[4j37]], [[4nz6]] - hPUS Pus1 catalytic domain - human<br />
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| **[[4nz7]] - hPUS Pus1 catalytic domain (mutant)<br />
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| **[[1vs3]] – PUS TruA – ''Thermus thermophilus''<BR />
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| **[[1sgv]] – PUS TruB – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''<BR />
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| **[[1si7]], [[1szw]], [[1sb7]] - EcPUS TruD
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| *tRNA pseudouridine synthase complex with RNA
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| **[[1k8w]] – EcTruB + stem-loop RNA<BR />
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| **[[1zl3]] - EcTruB (mutant) + stem-loop RNA<BR />
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| **[[2nqp]], [[2nr0]], [[2nre]] – EcTruA + Leu-tRNA<BR />
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| **[[1ze2]] - TmPUS B + RNA<BR />
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| **[[2ab4]] - TmPUS B (mutant) + RNA<BR />
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| **[[1r3e]], [[1r3f]] - EcTruB + RNA<BR />
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| *Probable tRNA pseudouridine synthase
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| **[[3hjw]], [[3lwo]], [[3lwp]], [[3lwq]], [[3lwr]], [[3lwv]], [[3hax]] – PfPUS Cbf5 + ribosome biogenesis protein Nop10 + ribosomal protein L7 + RNA – ''Pyrococcus furiosus''<BR />
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| **[[3hay]] – PfPUS Cbf5 + ribosome biogenesis protein Nop10 + ribosomal protein L7 + RNA + small nuclear RNP protein<BR />
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| **[[2hvy]] – PfPUS Cbf5 + ribosome biogenesis protein Nop10 + ribosomal protein L7 + RNA + small nuclear RNP protein + small nuclear RNP Gar1-like protein<BR />
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| **[[3mqk]] - PfPUS Cbf5 + ribosome biogenesis protein Nop10 + small nuclear RNP Gar1-like protein + RNA<BR />
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| **[[2rfk]] - PfPUS Cbf5 (mutant) + ribosome biogenesis protein Nop10 + small nuclear RNP Gar1-like protein + RNA<BR />
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| **[[2ey4]] - PfPUS Cbf5 + ribosome biogenesis protein Nop10 + small nuclear RNP Gar1-like protein <BR />
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| **[[3hjy]] - PfPUS Cbf5 + ribosome biogenesis protein NOP10 + RNA<BR />
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| **[[2apo]] - PfPUS Cbf5 + ribosome biogenesis protein NOP10 - ''Methanocaldococcus jannaschii''<BR />
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| *Ribosomal large subunit pseudouridine synthase
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| **[[2i82]] - EcRluA catalytic domain + RNA<br />
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| **[[4lab]] - EcRluB catalytic domain <br />
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| **[[4lgt]] - EcRluB catalytic domain + RNA<br />
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| **[[1xpi]] - EcRluC catalytic domain<br />
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| **[[5vbb]] - hRluC-like<br />
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| **[[1prz]], [[1qyu]], [[1v9f]], [[1v9k]], [[2ist]] - EcRluD catalytic domain<br />
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| **[[2oml]], [[2olw]] - EcRluE catalytic domain<br />
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| **[[2gml]] - EcRluF catalytic domain<br />
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| **[[3dh3]] - EcRluF catalytic domain + RNA<br />
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| *Ribosomal small subunit pseudouridine synthase
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| **[[1vio]] - RsuA - ''Haemophilus influenzae''<br />
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| **[[1ksk]] - EcRsuA <br />
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| **[[1ksl]] - EcRsuA + uracil<br />
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| **[[1ksv]] - EcRsuA + UMP<br />
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| }}
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| == References ==
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| <references/>
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| [[Category:Topic Page]]
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