Alice Clark/ATPsynthase: Difference between revisions
Alice Clark (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Alice Clark (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
<StructureSection load='5lqz' size='350' side='right' caption='ATP Synthase (PDB entry [[5lqz]])' scene='78/781973/Start/1'> | <StructureSection load='5lqz' size='350' side='right' caption='ATP Synthase (PDB entry [[5lqz]])' scene='78/781973/Start/1'> | ||
ATP synthase is shown here to the right in 3D with each protein shown a different colour. | ATP synthase is shown here to the right in 3D with each protein shown in a different colour. | ||
Tools for exploring ATP synthase in 3D | Tools for exploring ATP synthase in 3D | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
'''Exploring the ATP synthase molecule''' | '''Exploring the ATP synthase molecule''' | ||
ATP synthase is built up of different groups of proteins: the F0, the F1, the stator | ATP synthase is a cellular molecular motor found in the mitochondrial membrane of humans, and also in other organisms. It has a role in the generation of ATP, the cells energy currency. This large molecule is built up of a number of different groups of proteins: the F0, the F1, and the stator - each group has an important role to play. | ||
The <scene name='78/781973/Alpha-beta/1'>F1 motor</scene> contains alpha (shown in light blue) and beta (shown in dark blue) protein | The <scene name='78/781973/Alpha-beta/1'>F1 motor head</scene> contains alpha (shown in light blue) and beta (shown in dark blue), and making up the axel, the <scene name='78/781973/Gamma/1'>gamma</scene> protein chain. | ||
---- | ---- | ||
'''Q1: | '''Q1: Describe how the protein chains are arranged to comprise the F1 region?''' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
The F1 | The F1 can have adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecules and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) <scene name='78/781973/Atpandadp/1'>binding sites</scene> in the nucleotide binding sites. See if you can zoom in on the ATP identify the phosphate atoms (orange). ==> | ||
The three sites primarily located in the β subunits carry active ATP synthesis. The sites primarily located in the α subunits are non-catalytic and exchange bound nucleotide very slowly, they are thought to be a carry over from evolution, and now play a more regulatory role. | |||
---- | ---- | ||
'''Q2: How many phosphates does ATP have, and how does this differ to ADP?''' | '''Q2: How many phosphates atoms (orange) does ATP have, and how does this differ to ADP?''' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
'''Q3: | '''Q3: Which atoms is the high energy bond formed between, within ATP (the bond that the ATP synthase catalyses within the β subunits)?''' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
The <scene name='78/781973/Axel/1'>axle</scene> rotates putting the motor into three different conformations as the ADP binds, the | The <scene name='78/781973/Axel/1'>axle</scene> rotates at 120 degree steps, putting the motor into three different conformations, as the ADP and phosphate binds, the high energy bond is formed and the ATP is released. | ||
---- | ---- | ||
'''Q4: What is the role of the axel?''' | '''Q4: What is the role of the axel, explain how it effects the β subunits?''' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
<scene name='78/781973/F0/1'>The F0</scene> is a circular rotor that is formed of alpha helices that sit in the mitochondrial membrane. The hydrogen ions travel around the circular F0 motor, and turning the rotor in the process, much like a water wheel. The | <scene name='78/781973/F0/1'>The F0</scene> is a circular rotor that is formed of alpha helices that sit in the mitochondrial membrane. The hydrogen ions travel around the circular F0 motor, and turning the rotor in the process, much like a water wheel. The hydrogen's are passed alone a chain of <scene name='78/781973/Aspgluchain/1'>aspartic acid residues or glutamic acid</scene> (amino acids) in the F0 motor, and then transferred to an <scene name='78/781973/Arg/1'>arginine</scene> (Arg) amino acid. The arginine passes the hydrogen to the rotor, which turns all the way around. Then the hydrogen is then passed to the opposite side of the membrane. | ||
---- | ---- | ||
| Line 54: | Line 57: | ||
---- | ---- | ||
'''Q6: Name two key amino acids, one acidic and one basic, that bind the hydrogen's | '''Q6: Name two key amino acids, one acidic and one basic, that bind the hydrogen's within the the F0, during the ATP generation process?''' | ||
---- | ---- | ||
| Line 63: | Line 66: | ||
The synthesis of ATP, the cells energy currency, involves a number of steps performed by a tiny molecular motor, found in the mitochondrial membrane, called ATP synthase. | The synthesis of ATP, the cells energy currency, involves a number of steps performed by a tiny molecular motor, found in the mitochondrial membrane, called ATP synthase. | ||
1. Binding of ADP and | 1. Binding of ADP and phosphate to the ATP synthase beta domain located in the F1 domain | ||
2. Formation of the new high energy phosphate-phosphate bond between the ADP and phosphate using energy, generated by the hydrogens moving the F0, then the movement is transmitted by the axel to the F1 region. | 2. Formation of the new high energy phosphate-phosphate bond between the ADP and phosphate using energy, generated by the hydrogens moving the F0, then the movement is transmitted by the axel to the F1 region. | ||
| Line 73: | Line 76: | ||
'''Key Terms''' | '''Key Terms''' | ||
Aspartic acid | Aspartic acid = an acidic amino acid | ||
ATP | |||
Glutamic acid = an acidic amino acid | |||
ATP synthase | |||
ATP = adenosine triphosphate (nucleotide) | |||
ADP = adenosine diphosphate (nucleotide) | |||
ATP synthase - A molecular motor that generates ATP | |||