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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Post-translational histone modification has a fundamental role in chromatin biology and is proposed to constitute a 'histone code' in epigenetic regulation. Differential methylation of histone H3 and H4 lysyl residues regulates processes including heterochromatin formation, X-chromosome inactivation, genome imprinting, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. The discovery of lysyl demethylases using flavin (amine oxidases) or Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate as cofactors (2OG oxygenases) has changed the view of methylation as a stable epigenetic marker. However, little is known about how the demethylases are selective for particular lysyl-containing sequences in specific methylation states, a key to understanding their functions. Here we reveal how human JMJD2A (jumonji domain containing 2A), which is selective towards tri- and dimethylated histone H3 lysyl residues 9 and 36 (H3K9me3/me2 and H3K36me3/me2), discriminates between methylation states and achieves sequence selectivity for H3K9. We report structures of JMJD2A-Ni(II)-Zn(II) inhibitor complexes bound to tri-, di- and monomethyl forms of H3K9 and the trimethyl form of H3K36. The structures reveal a lysyl-binding pocket in which substrates are bound in distinct bent conformations involving the Zn-binding site. We propose a mechanism for achieving methylation state selectivity involving the orientation of the substrate methyl groups towards a ferryl intermediate. The results suggest distinct recognition mechanisms in different demethylase subfamilies and provide a starting point to develop chemical tools for drug discovery and to study and dissect the complexity of reversible histone methylation and its role in chromatin biology.
The JmjC histone demethylases (KDMs) are linked to tumour cell proliferation and are current cancer targets; however, very few highly selective inhibitors for these are available. Here we report cyclic peptide inhibitors of the KDM4A-C with selectivity over other KDMs/2OG oxygenases, including closely related KDM4D/E isoforms. Crystal structures and biochemical analyses of one of the inhibitors (CP2) with KDM4A reveals that CP2 binds differently to, but competes with, histone substrates in the active site. Substitution of the active site binding arginine of CP2 to N-varepsilon-trimethyl-lysine or methylated arginine results in cyclic peptide substrates, indicating that KDM4s may act on non-histone substrates. Targeted modifications to CP2 based on crystallographic and mass spectrometry analyses results in variants with greater proteolytic robustness. Peptide dosing in cells manifests KDM4A target stabilization. Although further development is required to optimize cellular activity, the results reveal the feasibility of highly selective non-metal chelating, substrate-competitive inhibitors of the JmjC KDMs.


Crystal structures of histone demethylase JMJD2A reveal basis for substrate specificity.,Ng SS, Kavanagh KL, McDonough MA, Butler D, Pilka ES, Lienard BM, Bray JE, Savitsky P, Gileadi O, von Delft F, Rose NR, Offer J, Scheinost JC, Borowski T, Sundstrom M, Schofield CJ, Oppermann U Nature. 2007 Jul 5;448(7149):87-91. Epub 2007 Jun 24. PMID:17589501<ref>PMID:17589501</ref>
Highly selective inhibition of histone demethylases by de novo macrocyclic peptides.,Kawamura A, Munzel M, Kojima T, Yapp C, Bhushan B, Goto Y, Tumber A, Katoh T, King ON, Passioura T, Walport LJ, Hatch SB, Madden S, Muller S, Brennan PE, Chowdhury R, Hopkinson RJ, Suga H, Schofield CJ Nat Commun. 2017 Apr 6;8:14773. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14773. PMID:28382930<ref>PMID:28382930</ref>


From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>

Revision as of 09:15, 19 April 2017

JMJD2A/ KDM4A COMPLEXED WITH NI(II), NOG AND Macrocyclic PEPTIDE Inhibitor CP2_R6Kme3 (13-mer)JMJD2A/ KDM4A COMPLEXED WITH NI(II), NOG AND Macrocyclic PEPTIDE Inhibitor CP2_R6Kme3 (13-mer)

Structural highlights

5ly2 is a 8 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Ligands:, , , ,
NonStd Res:, ,
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

[KDM4A_HUMAN] Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-36' residues of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-4', H3 'Lys-27' nor H4 'Lys-20'. Demethylates trimethylated H3 'Lys-9' and H3 'Lys-36' residue, while it has no activity on mono- and dimethylated residues. Demethylation of Lys residue generates formaldehyde and succinate. Participates in transcriptional repression of ASCL2 and E2F-responsive promoters via the recruitment of histone deacetylases and NCOR1, respectively.[1] [2] [3] Isoform 2: Crucial for muscle differentiation, promotes transcriptional activation of the Myog gene by directing the removal of repressive chromatin marks at its promoter. Lacks the N-terminal demethylase domain.[4] [5] [6]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The JmjC histone demethylases (KDMs) are linked to tumour cell proliferation and are current cancer targets; however, very few highly selective inhibitors for these are available. Here we report cyclic peptide inhibitors of the KDM4A-C with selectivity over other KDMs/2OG oxygenases, including closely related KDM4D/E isoforms. Crystal structures and biochemical analyses of one of the inhibitors (CP2) with KDM4A reveals that CP2 binds differently to, but competes with, histone substrates in the active site. Substitution of the active site binding arginine of CP2 to N-varepsilon-trimethyl-lysine or methylated arginine results in cyclic peptide substrates, indicating that KDM4s may act on non-histone substrates. Targeted modifications to CP2 based on crystallographic and mass spectrometry analyses results in variants with greater proteolytic robustness. Peptide dosing in cells manifests KDM4A target stabilization. Although further development is required to optimize cellular activity, the results reveal the feasibility of highly selective non-metal chelating, substrate-competitive inhibitors of the JmjC KDMs.

Highly selective inhibition of histone demethylases by de novo macrocyclic peptides.,Kawamura A, Munzel M, Kojima T, Yapp C, Bhushan B, Goto Y, Tumber A, Katoh T, King ON, Passioura T, Walport LJ, Hatch SB, Madden S, Muller S, Brennan PE, Chowdhury R, Hopkinson RJ, Suga H, Schofield CJ Nat Commun. 2017 Apr 6;8:14773. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14773. PMID:28382930[7]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

  1. ↑ Zhang D, Yoon HG, Wong J. JMJD2A is a novel N-CoR-interacting protein and is involved in repression of the human transcription factor achaete scute-like homologue 2 (ASCL2/Hash2). Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;25(15):6404-14. PMID:16024779 doi:http://dx.doi.org/25/15/6404
  2. ↑ Whetstine JR, Nottke A, Lan F, Huarte M, Smolikov S, Chen Z, Spooner E, Li E, Zhang G, Colaiacovo M, Shi Y. Reversal of histone lysine trimethylation by the JMJD2 family of histone demethylases. Cell. 2006 May 5;125(3):467-81. Epub 2006 Apr 6. PMID:16603238 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.028
  3. ↑ Verrier L, Escaffit F, Chailleux C, Trouche D, Vandromme M. A new isoform of the histone demethylase JMJD2A/KDM4A is required for skeletal muscle differentiation. PLoS Genet. 2011 Jun;7(6):e1001390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001390. Epub 2011 , Jun 2. PMID:21694756 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001390
  4. ↑ Zhang D, Yoon HG, Wong J. JMJD2A is a novel N-CoR-interacting protein and is involved in repression of the human transcription factor achaete scute-like homologue 2 (ASCL2/Hash2). Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;25(15):6404-14. PMID:16024779 doi:http://dx.doi.org/25/15/6404
  5. ↑ Whetstine JR, Nottke A, Lan F, Huarte M, Smolikov S, Chen Z, Spooner E, Li E, Zhang G, Colaiacovo M, Shi Y. Reversal of histone lysine trimethylation by the JMJD2 family of histone demethylases. Cell. 2006 May 5;125(3):467-81. Epub 2006 Apr 6. PMID:16603238 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.028
  6. ↑ Verrier L, Escaffit F, Chailleux C, Trouche D, Vandromme M. A new isoform of the histone demethylase JMJD2A/KDM4A is required for skeletal muscle differentiation. PLoS Genet. 2011 Jun;7(6):e1001390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001390. Epub 2011 , Jun 2. PMID:21694756 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001390
  7. ↑ Kawamura A, Munzel M, Kojima T, Yapp C, Bhushan B, Goto Y, Tumber A, Katoh T, King ON, Passioura T, Walport LJ, Hatch SB, Madden S, Muller S, Brennan PE, Chowdhury R, Hopkinson RJ, Suga H, Schofield CJ. Highly selective inhibition of histone demethylases by de novo macrocyclic peptides. Nat Commun. 2017 Apr 6;8:14773. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14773. PMID:28382930 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14773

5ly2, resolution 2.43Å

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