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== Function == | == Function == | ||
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PREX1_HUMAN PREX1_HUMAN]] Functions as a RAC guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which activates the Rac proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Its activity is synergistically activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G protein. May function downstream of heterotrimeric G proteins in neutrophils. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAC1_HUMAN RAC1_HUMAN]] Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages (By similarity). Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. In glioma cells, promotes cell migration and invasion.<ref>PMID:1643658</ref> <ref>PMID:9121475</ref> <ref>PMID:19934221</ref> <ref>PMID:19403692</ref> <ref>PMID:20696765</ref> Isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction.<ref>PMID:1643658</ref> <ref>PMID:9121475</ref> <ref>PMID:19934221</ref> <ref>PMID:19403692</ref> <ref>PMID:20696765</ref> | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PREX1_HUMAN PREX1_HUMAN]] Functions as a RAC guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which activates the Rac proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Its activity is synergistically activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G protein. May function downstream of heterotrimeric G proteins in neutrophils. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAC1_HUMAN RAC1_HUMAN]] Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages (By similarity). Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. In glioma cells, promotes cell migration and invasion.<ref>PMID:1643658</ref> <ref>PMID:9121475</ref> <ref>PMID:19934221</ref> <ref>PMID:19403692</ref> <ref>PMID:20696765</ref> Isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction.<ref>PMID:1643658</ref> <ref>PMID:9121475</ref> <ref>PMID:19934221</ref> <ref>PMID:19403692</ref> <ref>PMID:20696765</ref> | ||
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed == | |||
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3)-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) is a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor synergistically activated by PIP3 and Gbetagamma that plays an important role in the metastasis of breast, prostate, and skin cancer, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, the molecular mechanisms behind P-Rex1 regulation are poorly understood. We determined structures of the P-Rex1 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain bound to the headgroup of PIP3 and resolved that PIP3 binding to the PH domain is required for P-Rex1 activity in cells but not for membrane localization, which points to an allosteric activation mechanism by PIP3. We also determined structures of the P-Rex1 tandem Dbl homology/PH domains in complexes with two of its substrate GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42. Collectively, this study provides important molecular insights into P-Rex1 regulation and tools for targeting the PIP3-binding pocket of P-Rex1 with a new generation of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. | |||
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Catalytic Core of the Metastatic Factor P-Rex1 and Its Regulation by PtdIns(3,4,5)P3.,Cash JN, Davis EM, Tesmer JJ Structure. 2016 May 3;24(5):730-40. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2016.02.022. Epub 2016 Apr, 14. PMID:27150042<ref>PMID:27150042</ref> | |||
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | |||
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== References == | == References == | ||
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