Sandbox WWC2: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an oxidoreductase flavoenzyme, encoded in the MAOA gene on the X chromosome; the enzyme is present throughout the brain, central nervous system, and stomach. Two isoforms of this enzyme (MAO-A and MAO-B) are expressed on the outer surface of the mitochondrial membrane, and both are responsible for the oxidative deamination of various neurotransmitters and dietary amines [http://www.omim.org/entry/309850]. Each isoform is characterized by its unique substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. For example, MAO-A (found primarily in catecholaminergic neurons) preferentially oxidizes 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), epinephrine, and norepinephrine; while MAO-B (found primarily in sertonergic neurons) prefers phenylethylamine and benzylamine. Both of these enzymes oxidize dopamine, tyramine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine as well as their respective unique substrates according to the following reaction: | <scene name='69/696303/N_to_c_rainbow/3'>Monoamine oxidase A</scene> (MAO-A) is an oxidoreductase flavoenzyme, encoded in the MAOA gene on the X chromosome; the enzyme is present throughout the brain, central nervous system, and stomach. Two isoforms of this enzyme (MAO-A and MAO-B) are expressed on the outer surface of the mitochondrial membrane, and both are responsible for the oxidative deamination of various neurotransmitters and dietary amines [http://www.omim.org/entry/309850]. Each isoform is characterized by its unique substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. For example, MAO-A (found primarily in catecholaminergic neurons) preferentially oxidizes 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), epinephrine, and norepinephrine; while MAO-B (found primarily in sertonergic neurons) prefers phenylethylamine and benzylamine. Both of these enzymes oxidize dopamine, tyramine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine as well as their respective unique substrates according to the following reaction: | ||
RCH<sub>2</sub>NHR' + H<sub>2</sub>O + O<sub>2</sub> --> RCHO + R'NH<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> | RCH<sub>2</sub>NHR' + H<sub>2</sub>O + O<sub>2</sub> --> RCHO + R'NH<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> | ||
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The , illustrated in the protein image to the right, in conjunction with the color key, below, indicates the directionality of the polypeptide chain. | |||
The | |||
{{Template:ColorKey_Amino2CarboxyRainbow}} | {{Template:ColorKey_Amino2CarboxyRainbow}} | ||