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OCA, Lynmarie K Thompson, Student

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	Vanin 1, otherwise known as pantetheinase, is an enzyme found throughout the body in various tissues including the liver and kidneys. As an ectoenzyme—any enzyme found on the outside or outer surface of a cell—pantethiense is anchored to the cell wall by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linker, allowing for the it to carry out its enzymatic purpose of hydrolyzing pantetheine to pantothenic acid and cysteamine [1]. The two protein subunits possess dense regions of <scene name='48/483891/Secondary_structure/1'>beta strands and alpha helices</scene> which create binding sites for three types of ligands, the non-polar <scene name='48/483891/Rrv/1'>RRV ligand</scene>, a di(hydroxyethyl)ether compound <scene name='48/483891/Peg/1'>PEG</scene>, and <scene name='48/483891/Nag/1'>NAG</scene> (N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) ligands.		Vanin 1, otherwise known as pantetheinase, is an enzyme found throughout the body in various tissues including the liver and kidneys. As an ectoenzyme—any enzyme found on the outside or outer surface of a cell—pantethiense is anchored to the cell wall by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linker, allowing for the it to carry out its enzymatic purpose of hydrolyzing pantetheine to pantothenic acid and cysteamine [1]. The two protein subunits possess dense regions of <scene name='48/483891/Secondary_structure/1'>beta strands and alpha helices</scene> which create binding sites for three types of ligands, the non-polar <scene name='48/483891/Rrv/1'>RRV ligand</scene>, a di(hydroxyethyl)ether compound <scene name='48/483891/Peg/1'>PEG</scene>, and <scene name='48/483891/Nag/1'>NAG</scene> (N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) ligands.

	The importance of vanin 1 lies in the products of the enzymatic reaction. Pantothenic acid (vitamin B12) plays a significant role in the maintenance of the nervous system and brain. The compound is also involved in DNA synthesis, as well as fatty acid and amino acid metabolism [2]. Cysteamine—a product of the degradation of the amino acid cysteine—is used to form coenzyme A, a compound that plays a key role in the citric acid cycle and the synthesis of fatty acids. A lack of these biomolecules can lead to significant physiological issues ~~(see Additional Features)~~. The identification of the above-mentioned ligand binding sites has led to the investigation of active-site inhibitors to treat metabolic diseases and inflammation (see Additional Features).		The importance of vanin 1 lies in the products of the enzymatic reaction. Pantothenic acid (vitamin B12) plays a significant role in the maintenance of the nervous system and brain. The compound is also involved in DNA synthesis, as well as fatty acid and amino acid metabolism [2]. Cysteamine—a product of the degradation of the amino acid cysteine—is used to form coenzyme A, a compound that plays a key role in the citric acid cycle and the synthesis of fatty acids. A lack of these biomolecules can lead to significant physiological issues. The identification of the above-mentioned ligand binding sites has led to the investigation of active-site inhibitors to treat metabolic diseases and inflammation (see Additional Features).