Endonuclease: Difference between revisions
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== Function == | |||
'''Endonuclease''' (ENN) cleaves phosphodiester bond within polynucleotide chain. ENN cleaves DNA at a restriction site which is usually a 6-nucleotide palindrome. ENN is restriction site–specific. Various types of ENN differ by their mechanism of action. ENN is used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA. ENN requires a restriction site and a cleavage pattern. '''ENN-I''' operates on DNA with separate restriction site and cleavage pattern, while '''ENN-II''' operates on overlapping restriction site and cleavage pattern. Some ENNs are encoded within introns thus facilitating their mobility. These ENNs or inteins are designated I-ENN<ref>PMID:12483517</ref>.<br /> | '''Endonuclease''' (ENN) cleaves phosphodiester bond within polynucleotide chain. ENN cleaves DNA at a restriction site which is usually a 6-nucleotide palindrome. ENN is restriction site–specific. Various types of ENN differ by their mechanism of action. ENN is used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA. ENN requires a restriction site and a cleavage pattern. '''ENN-I''' operates on DNA with separate restriction site and cleavage pattern, while '''ENN-II''' operates on overlapping restriction site and cleavage pattern. Some ENNs are encoded within introns thus facilitating their mobility. These ENNs or inteins are designated I-ENN<ref>PMID:12483517</ref>.<br /> | ||
The '''Cas ENN''' proteins are part of CRISPR/Cas prokaryotic immune system which confers protection from foreign genetic elements like viruses. The CRISPR (Custered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats) are DNA loci which are found in ca. 40% of the bacteria. The CRISPR/Cas system is being used lately as gene editing tool. For more details see [[Cas9]].<br /> See also<br /> | The '''Cas ENN''' proteins are part of CRISPR/Cas prokaryotic immune system which confers protection from foreign genetic elements like viruses. The CRISPR (Custered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats) are DNA loci which are found in ca. 40% of the bacteria. The CRISPR/Cas system is being used lately as gene editing tool<ref>PMID:20056882</ref>. For more details see [[Cas9]].<br /> See also<br /> | ||
* [[Apurinic-Apyrimidinic Endonuclease-1]]<br /> | * [[Apurinic-Apyrimidinic Endonuclease-1]]<br /> | ||
* [[DNA repair protein human endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1)]] . | * [[DNA repair protein human endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1)]] . | ||
== Relevance == | |||
Sickle cell anemia is caused by mutation in the recognition site of MstII ENN. | |||
== Disease == | |||
Mutation in UV-specific ENN causes Xeroderma pigmentosa. Mutations in tRNA-splicing ENN cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia. | |||
==3D structures of endonuclease== | ==3D structures of endonuclease== | ||