DNA Polymerase in Thermococcus gorgonarius: Difference between revisions

'''DNA polymerase''' is an enzyme, which synthesizes new stands of DNA from preexisting DNA.  It does this by adding one nucleotide at a time to the 3’ end of a growing strand.  The new DNA strands are always synthesized from 5’ to the 3’ direction.  The original DNA stands are used as templates for the synthesis of new strands of DNA. DNA polymerases are the enzymes that catalyze the attachment of nucleotides to synthesize a new DNA strand.  DNA polymerase I is composed of a single polypeptide that removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA.  DNA polymerase III is responsible for the majority of the DNA replication and the proofreading from 3’ to 5’. <ref name="PDBDNAPOL">DOI:10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2000_3</ref>  DNA follows Chargaff’s rule, which states that cytosine binds to guanine and adenine binds to thymine. <ref>PMID:10036207</ref> Each time a cell divides, DNA polymerase duplicates all of the cell’s DNA, and the cell passes one copy of DNA to each daughter cell.  DNA polymerase roughly makes only one mistake every billion bases.  Although Chargaff’s rule help makes the replication on DNA polymerase easier, an extra step of proofreading and cutting out the mismatched bases after replication is the reason why DNA polymerase is the most accurate enzyme. <ref name="PDBDNAPOL">DOI:10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2000_3</ref>

The function of DNA polymerase in ''Thermococcus gorgonarius'' plays an important role in the development of life.