ABC transporter: Difference between revisions

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Zina Saadi, Alexander Berchansky, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman

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 <StructureSection load='1l7v' size='400' side='right' scene='ABC_transporter/Cv/1' caption='Se-Met B12 Bacterial ABC Transporter complex with cyclo-tetrametavanadate, [[1l7v]].  Permease protein in green and grey,  ATP-binding protein in yellow and pink.'>
-'''A'''TP '''B'''inding '''C'''assette (ABC) '''[[Transporters]]''' are ATP-dependent membrane proteins critical for most aspects of cell physiology, including the uptake of nutrients (importers) and elimination of waste products and energy generation (exporters) which are predominantly expressed in excretory organs, such as the liver, intestine, blood-brain barrier, blood-testes barrier, placenta, and kidney<ref name="Kidney"/><ref name="FourDomainsABCT"/>. There are many ABC Transporters in organisms, for instance, there are 28 in yeast,58 in ''Caenorhabditis'', 51 in ''Drosophila'',129 in ''Arabadopsis'',and the 69 ABC transporters in ''E. coli'' account for almost 5% of its genomic coding capacity<ref name="EColi"/>. ABC transporter protein translocates substrates across membranes.  It contains a Solute Binding Domain (SBD).  CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator)  translocates chloride and  thiocyanate.  It contains a nucleotide binding domain (NBD).  Mutations in CFTR lead to Cystic Fibrosis. In humans the ABC transporters are classified into subfamilies, i.e. ABCB6 is ABC subfamily B member 6. The images at the left and at the right correspond to one representative ABC transporter, ''i.e.'' the crystal structure of B12 Bacterial ABC Transporter ([[1l7v]]).
+'''A'''TP '''B'''inding '''C'''assette (ABC) '''[[Transporters]]''' are ATP-dependent membrane proteins critical for most aspects of cell physiology, including the uptake of nutrients (importers) and elimination of waste products and energy generation (exporters) which are predominantly expressed in excretory organs, such as the liver, intestine, blood-brain barrier, blood-testes barrier, placenta, and kidney<ref name="Kidney"/><ref name="FourDomainsABCT"/>. There are many ABC Transporters in organisms, for instance, there are 28 in yeast,58 in ''Caenorhabditis'', 51 in ''Drosophila'',129 in ''Arabadopsis'',and the 69 ABC transporters in ''E. coli'' account for almost 5% of its genomic coding capacity<ref name="EColi"/>. ABC transporter protein translocates substrates across membranes.  It contains a Solute Binding Domain (SBD).  CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator)  translocates chloride and  thiocyanate.  It contains a nucleotide binding domain (NBD).  Mutations in CFTR lead to Cystic Fibrosis. In humans the ABC transporters are classified into subfamilies, i.e. ABCB6 is ABC subfamily B member 6.
 == Function ==