Sandbox Reserved 992: Difference between revisions
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== Function and Mechanism == | == Function and Mechanism == | ||
[[Image:Beta-lactam.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactam_antibiotic β-lactam antibiotic] ([http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin Penicillin])]]Clinically, [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactam_antibiotic β-lactam antibiotics], characterized by their central chemical structure, are utilized to combat bacterial infections by targeting [http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Penicillin-binding_protein penicillin-binding proteins] (PBPs), also known as [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/DD-transpeptidase transpeptidases]. PBPs are enzymes that are located in the cell membrane of bacteria and function in cross-linking to form the peptidoglycan layer. PBPs have a deprotonated serine which executes nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon. The PBP is then covalently attached to one unit of peptidoglycan. The amino group of an alanine on a second unit of peptidoglycan then performs a second nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon, resulting in two covalently cross-linked peptidoglycan units and the regeneration of the catalytic PBP.<ref>"Peptidoglycan cell wall." The University of Warwick. n.d. Web. 25 Jan 15</ref> | [[Image:Beta-lactam.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactam_antibiotic β-lactam antibiotic] ([http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin Penicillin])]]Clinically, [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactam_antibiotic β-lactam antibiotics], characterized by their central chemical structure, are utilized to combat bacterial infections by targeting [http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Penicillin-binding_protein penicillin-binding proteins] (PBPs), also known as [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/DD-transpeptidase transpeptidases]. PBPs are enzymes that are located in the cell membrane of bacteria and function in cross-linking to form the [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan peptidoglycan] layer. PBPs have a conserved [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deprotonation deprotonated] serine which executes [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophile nucleophilic] attack on the [http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonyl carbonyl] carbon. The PBP is then covalently attached to one unit of peptidoglycan. The amino group of an alanine on a second unit of peptidoglycan then performs a second nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon, resulting in two covalently cross-linked peptidoglycan units and the regeneration of the catalytic PBP.<ref>"Peptidoglycan cell wall." The University of Warwick. n.d. Web. 25 Jan 15</ref> | ||
[[Image:Peptidoglycan_cross_linking.png|500px|thumb|right|Peptidoglycan with PDB Cross-linking Mechanism]] | [[Image:Peptidoglycan_cross_linking.png|500px|thumb|right|Peptidoglycan with PDB Cross-linking Mechanism]] | ||