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{{STRUCTURE_2pme| PDB=2pme |  SCENE=  }}
==The Apo crystal Structure of the glycyl-tRNA synthetase==
===The Apo crystal Structure of the glycyl-tRNA synthetase===
<StructureSection load='2pme' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2pme]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.90&Aring;' scene=''>
{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_17545306}}
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2pme]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2PME OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2PME FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">GARS ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine--tRNA_ligase Glycine--tRNA ligase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=6.1.1.14 6.1.1.14] </span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2pme FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2pme OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2pme RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2pme PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
<table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYG_HUMAN SYG_HUMAN]] Defects in GARS are the cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/601472 601472]]. CMT2D is a form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, the most common inherited disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathy or CMT1, and primary peripheral axonal neuropathy or CMT2. Neuropathies of the CMT2 group are characterized by signs of axonal regeneration in the absence of obvious myelin alterations, normal or slightly reduced nerve conduction velocities, and progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy. CMT2D is characterized by a more severe phenotype in the upper extremities (severe weakness and atrophy, absence of tendon reflexes) than in the lower limbs. CMT2D inheritance is autosomal dominant.<ref>PMID:12690580</ref>  Defects in GARS are a cause of distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type 5A (HMN5A) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/600794 600794]]; also known as distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V (DSMAV). A disorder characterized by distal muscular atrophy mainly affecting the upper extremities, in contrast to other distal motor neuronopathies. These constitute a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular diseases caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, without sensory deficit in the posterior horn. The overall clinical picture consists of a classical distal muscular atrophy syndrome in the legs without clinical sensory loss. The disease starts with weakness and wasting of distal muscles of the anterior tibial and peroneal compartments of the legs. Later on, weakness and atrophy may expand to the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and/or to the distal upper limbs.<ref>PMID:12690580</ref>  
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYG_HUMAN SYG_HUMAN]] Catalyzes the attachment of glycine to tRNA(Gly). Is also able produce diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a universal pleiotropic signaling molecule needed for cell regulation pathways, by direct condensation of 2 ATPs.<ref>PMID:19710017</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/pm/2pme_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Functional expansion of specific tRNA synthetases in higher organisms is well documented. These additional functions may explain why dominant mutations in glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most common heritable disease of the peripheral nervous system. At least 10 disease-causing mutant alleles of GlyRS have been annotated. These mutations scatter broadly across the primary sequence and have no apparent unifying connection. Here we report the structure of wild type and a CMT-causing mutant (G526R) of homodimeric human GlyRS. The mutation is at the site for synthesis of glycyl-adenylate, but the rest of the two structures are closely similar. Significantly, the mutant form diffracts to a higher resolution and has a greater dimer interface. The extra dimer interactions are located approximately 30 A away from the G526R mutation. Direct experiments confirm the tighter dimer interaction of the G526R protein. The results suggest the possible importance of subtle, long-range structural effects of CMT-causing mutations at the dimer interface. From analysis of a third crystal, an appended motif, found in higher eukaryote GlyRSs, seems not to have a role in these long-range effects.


==Disease==
Long-range structural effects of a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing mutation in human glycyl-tRNA synthetase.,Xie W, Nangle LA, Zhang W, Schimmel P, Yang XL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jun 12;104(24):9976-81. Epub 2007 Jun 1. PMID:17545306<ref>PMID:17545306</ref>
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYG_HUMAN SYG_HUMAN]] Defects in GARS are the cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/601472 601472]]. CMT2D is a form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, the most common inherited disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathy or CMT1, and primary peripheral axonal neuropathy or CMT2. Neuropathies of the CMT2 group are characterized by signs of axonal regeneration in the absence of obvious myelin alterations, normal or slightly reduced nerve conduction velocities, and progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy. CMT2D is characterized by a more severe phenotype in the upper extremities (severe weakness and atrophy, absence of tendon reflexes) than in the lower limbs. CMT2D inheritance is autosomal dominant.<ref>PMID:12690580</ref>  Defects in GARS are a cause of distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type 5A (HMN5A) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/600794 600794]]; also known as distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V (DSMAV). A disorder characterized by distal muscular atrophy mainly affecting the upper extremities, in contrast to other distal motor neuronopathies. These constitute a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular diseases caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, without sensory deficit in the posterior horn. The overall clinical picture consists of a classical distal muscular atrophy syndrome in the legs without clinical sensory loss. The disease starts with weakness and wasting of distal muscles of the anterior tibial and peroneal compartments of the legs. Later on, weakness and atrophy may expand to the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and/or to the distal upper limbs.<ref>PMID:12690580</ref>  


==Function==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYG_HUMAN SYG_HUMAN]] Catalyzes the attachment of glycine to tRNA(Gly). Is also able produce diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a universal pleiotropic signaling molecule needed for cell regulation pathways, by direct condensation of 2 ATPs.<ref>PMID:19710017</ref>  
</div>
 
==About this Structure==
[[2pme]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2PME OCA].


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase|Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase]]
*[[Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase|Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase]]
 
== References ==
==Reference==
<references/>
<ref group="xtra">PMID:017545306</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Glycine--tRNA ligase]]
[[Category: Glycine--tRNA ligase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]

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