3ho5: Difference between revisions
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{{STRUCTURE_3ho5| PDB=3ho5 | SCENE= }} | {{STRUCTURE_3ho5| PDB=3ho5 | SCENE= }} | ||
===Crystal structure of Hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) complex=== | |||
{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_19561609}} | |||
=== | ==Disease== | ||
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SHH_HUMAN SHH_HUMAN]] Defects in SHH are the cause of microphthalmia isolated with coloboma type 5 (MCOPCB5) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/611638 611638]]. Microphthalmia is a clinically heterogeneous disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues. Ocular abnormalities like opacities of the cornea and lens, scaring of the retina and choroid, cataract and other abnormalities like cataract may also be present. Ocular colobomas are a set of malformations resulting from abnormal morphogenesis of the optic cup and stalk, and the fusion of the fetal fissure (optic fissure).<ref>PMID:12503095</ref> Defects in SHH are the cause of holoprosencephaly type 3 (HPE3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/142945 142945]]. Holoprosencephaly (HPE) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/236100 236100]] is the most common structural anomaly of the brain, in which the developing forebrain fails to correctly separate into right and left hemispheres. Holoprosencephaly is genetically heterogeneous and associated with several distinct facies and phenotypic variability. The majority of HPE3 cases are apparently sporadic, although clear examples of autosomal dominant inheritance have been described. Interestingly, up to 30% of obligate carriers of HPE3 gene in autosomal dominant pedigrees are clinically unaffected.<ref>PMID:8896572</ref><ref>PMID:9302262</ref><ref>PMID:10441331</ref><ref>PMID:10556296</ref><ref>PMID:11479728</ref><ref>PMID:15107988</ref><ref>PMID:15221788</ref><ref>PMID:15942952</ref><ref>PMID:15942953</ref><ref>PMID:16282375</ref><ref>PMID:17001669</ref><ref>PMID:19603532</ref> Defects in SHH are a cause of solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/147250 147250]]. SMMCI is a rare dental anomaly characterized by the congenital absence of one maxillary central incisor.<ref>PMID:11471164</ref><ref>PMID:15103725</ref> Defects in SHH are the cause of triphalangeal thumb-polysyndactyly syndrome (TPTPS) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/174500 174500]]. TPTPS is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of pre- and post-axial abnormalities due to altered SHH expression pattern during limb development. TPTPS mutations have been mapped to the 7q36 locus in the LMBR1 gene which contains in its intron 5 a long-range cis-regulatory element of SHH expression.<ref>PMID:12837695</ref> | |||
==Function== | |||
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HHIP_HUMAN HHIP_HUMAN]] Modulates hedgehog signaling in several cell types including brain and lung through direct interaction with members of the hedgehog family.<ref>PMID:11472839</ref><ref>PMID:19561609</ref> [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SHH_HUMAN SHH_HUMAN]] Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. In the absence of SHH, PTC represses the constitutive signaling activity of SMO. Also regulates another target, the gli oncogene. Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development: signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Displays both floor plate- and motor neuron-inducing activity. The threshold concentration of N-product required for motor neuron induction is 5-fold lower than that required for floor plate induction (By similarity). | |||
==About this Structure== | ==About this Structure== | ||
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==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
<ref group="xtra">PMID:019561609</ref><references group="xtra"/> | <ref group="xtra">PMID:019561609</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/> | ||
[[Category: Homo sapiens]] | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] | ||
[[Category: Bosanac, I.]] | [[Category: Bosanac, I.]] | ||