Tutorial:Basic Chemistry Topics: Difference between revisions
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='''Substrates'''= | ='''Substrates'''= | ||
A substrate is a compound that is acted upon by an enzyme. The substrate binds the active site of the enzyme, | A substrate is a compound that is acted upon by an enzyme. The substrate binds the active site of the enzyme. Once bound, the enzyme uses the substrate to produce a chemical response that produces the product. After the chemical response, the substrate is released from the active site and you are left with the enzyme and the product. <ref name="substrate">Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 4 Nov. 2012. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_substrate_(biology)</ref> | ||
[[Image:ES.png| thumb | center | 600px ]] | [[Image:ES.png| thumb | center | 600px ]] | ||
This equation is a representation of the interaction between a substrate and an enzyme. The enzyme (E) and substrate (S) join together at the | |||
This equation is a representation of the interaction between a substrate and an enzyme. The enzyme (E) and substrate (S) join together at the enzyme’s active site to form an enzyme-substrate (ES) complex. Once the enzyme releases the substrate you are left with the final product (P) and the enzyme (E). | |||
[[Image:Acetylation reconstruction.png| thumb | center | 600px | Acetylation Reaction <ref name="Article" />]] | [[Image:Acetylation reconstruction.png| thumb | center | 600px | Acetylation Reaction <ref name="Article" />]] | ||
As discussed in the introduction, AAC(2’) Ic has a similar fold to that of the GNAT superfamily. The GNAT fold described in the study has the function of acetylation, the addition of an acetyl group. An acetyl functional group is composed of CH3CO. It is important to note that the discovery of the GNAT fold lead to the understanding of the function of AAC(2’). The reaction above shows the acetylation of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, causing its inactivity. From the reaction centered above you see the aminoglycoside antibiotic (Ribostamycin) being acted upon by the enzyme AAC(2’). AAC(2’) is adding and acetyl group to the antibiotic using the substrate CoA. On the right side of the arrow you can see the final product of the acetylation, the antibiotic and acyl group bound. The Acetyl group is circled, so you are able to locate it throughout the reaction. <ref name="Article" /> | As discussed in the introduction, AAC(2’) Ic has a similar fold to that of the GNAT superfamily. The GNAT fold described in the study has the function of acetylation, the addition of an acetyl group. An acetyl functional group is composed of CH3CO. It is important to note that the discovery of the GNAT fold lead to the understanding of the function of AAC(2’). The reaction above shows the acetylation of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, causing its inactivity. From the reaction centered above you see the aminoglycoside antibiotic (Ribostamycin) being acted upon by the enzyme AAC(2’). AAC(2’) is adding and acetyl group to the antibiotic using the substrate CoA. On the right side of the arrow you can see the final product of the acetylation, the antibiotic and acyl group bound. The Acetyl group is circled, so you are able to locate it throughout the reaction. <ref name="Article" /> | ||