G09SecL04Tpc2: Difference between revisions
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Penetrating the immune system’s first line of defense the skin, Borrelia can cause a local infection at the site of tick attachment. These infections produce the easily recognizable bulls-eye rash associated with Lyme disease. While other antigens may play a greater role in the beginning of the invasion, OspA has been shown to be more active in the second stage of the infection after the bacteria spreads throughout the body. Affected areas can include the heart, joints, and the nervous system itself. The second stage is when signs of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) begin. Symptoms of LNB include meningoradiculitis with inflammation of the nerve roots, radicular pain (Bannwarth’s syndrome), lymphocytic meningitis, in addition to cranial or peripheral neuritis.<ref name=art4>PMID:18097481</ref> | Penetrating the immune system’s first line of defense the skin, Borrelia can cause a local infection at the site of tick attachment. These infections produce the easily recognizable bulls-eye rash associated with Lyme disease. While other antigens may play a greater role in the beginning of the invasion, OspA has been shown to be more active in the second stage of the infection after the bacteria spreads throughout the body. Affected areas can include the heart, joints, and the nervous system itself. The second stage is when signs of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) begin. Symptoms of LNB include meningoradiculitis with inflammation of the nerve roots, radicular pain (Bannwarth’s syndrome), lymphocytic meningitis, in addition to cranial or peripheral neuritis.<ref name=art4>PMID:18097481</ref> | ||
=== The Elusiveness of OspA === | === The Elusiveness of OspA === | ||
The Borrelia have developed very effective ways to prevent contact with the host’s immune system. This makes it difficult for the body to attack because of the elusive characteristics of the following mechanisms: | |||
*Down regulation of immunogenic surface proteins | |||
*Inactivation of effector mechanisms | |||
*Hiding in the less accessible compartments such as extracellular matrix<ref name=art4>PMID:18097481</ref> | |||