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==Pre-mRNA Splicing== | ==Pre-mRNA Splicing== | ||
[[Image:Spliceosome.jpg |frame|left| Figure 1. Movements of the snRNPs and steps in pre-mRNA splicing catalysis. The two rectangles represent exons and the piece initially connecting them is an intron.<ref name='Messenger RNA Splicing in Yeast: Clues to Why the Spliceosome is a Ribonucleoprotein'>PMID:1853200</ref> | [[Image:Spliceosome.jpg]] |frame|left| Figure 1. Movements of the snRNPs and steps in pre-mRNA splicing catalysis. The two rectangles represent exons and the piece initially connecting them is an intron.<ref name='Messenger RNA Splicing in Yeast: Clues to Why the Spliceosome is a Ribonucleoprotein'>PMID:1853200</ref> | ||
Pre-mRNA splicing is carried out by one of the most complex pieces of cellular machinery known to date; the Spliceosome. It is a large, catalytic protein-RNA complex responsible for removing the intronic sequences of pre-mRNA and “splicing” together the exonic sequences to form mature mRNA. The spliceosome is made up of approximately 145 distinct spliceosomal proteins, and five small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) <ref name='Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome'>DOI:10.1038/nature01031</ref>. The five snRNAs have been subsequently named U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6. The spliceosome carries out a two-step transesterification reaction through a series of chemical steps in order to remove the intronic sequences from the pre-mRNA, which is facilitated by the movements, rearrangements, and dynamic exchanges of the snRNAs and splicing associated proteins <ref name='Messenger RNA Splicing in Yeast: Clues to Why the Spliceosome is a Ribonucleoprotein'>PMID:1853200</ref>. | Pre-mRNA splicing is carried out by one of the most complex pieces of cellular machinery known to date; the Spliceosome. It is a large, catalytic protein-RNA complex responsible for removing the intronic sequences of pre-mRNA and “splicing” together the exonic sequences to form mature mRNA. The spliceosome is made up of approximately 145 distinct spliceosomal proteins, and five small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) <ref name='Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome'>DOI:10.1038/nature01031</ref>. The five snRNAs have been subsequently named U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6. The spliceosome carries out a two-step transesterification reaction through a series of chemical steps in order to remove the intronic sequences from the pre-mRNA, which is facilitated by the movements, rearrangements, and dynamic exchanges of the snRNAs and splicing associated proteins <ref name='Messenger RNA Splicing in Yeast: Clues to Why the Spliceosome is a Ribonucleoprotein'>PMID:1853200</ref>. | ||