Pertussis Toxin-ATP Complex: Difference between revisions

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Jonathan Tringali, Jaime Prilusky, Michal Harel

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 <StructureSection load=1bcp size='500' side='right' caption='Pertussis Toxin-ATP complex ([[1bcp]])' scene=''>[[Image:230px-Pertussis.jpg|left|thumb|A young boy coughing due to pertussis.]]
 ==Introduction==
-'''Pertussis Toxins''' (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussis ''Bordetella pertussis''].<ref name=Hazes>PMID: 8637000</ref> PT causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough pertussis], which is also known at [http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Pertussis_Toxin-ATP_Complex&act whooping cough] and is highly contagious bacterial disease.  The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 14573656</ref> This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 17418639</ref>It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage subconjunctival hemorrhages], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_fracture rib fractures], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernias hernias], fainting and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection vertebral artery dissection].<ref name=cornia>PMID: 20736473</ref>
+'''Pertussis Toxins''' (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussis ''Bordetella pertussis''].<ref name=Hazes>PMID: 8637000</ref> PT causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough pertussis], which is also known at [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PajbAKd8Kg whooping cough] and is highly contagious bacterial disease.  The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 14573656</ref> This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 17418639</ref>It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage subconjunctival hemorrhages], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_fracture rib fractures], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernias hernias], fainting and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection vertebral artery dissection].<ref name=cornia>PMID: 20736473</ref>
 As of 2010, the worldwide incidence of whooping cough has been estimated to 48.5 million cases and nearly 295,000 deaths per year.<ref name=Bettiol>PMID: 20091541</ref> With that in mind, whooping cough can affect people of any age; however, before vaccines were available the disease was most common in infants and young children but now children are immunized and the high percentage of cases are seen among adolescents.