Toll-like Receptors: Difference between revisions

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Toll-like receptors, often abbreviated TLRs, are found on the surface of phagocytic cells of vertebrates and invertebrates and are critical to the innate immune system. The Toll-like receptors recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, such as double-stranded RNA, lipopolysaccharide, or CpG DNA, and initiate an intracellular kinase cascade, inducing an immediate defensive response.<ref>PMID: 20084417</ref><ref>PMID: 18064347</ref> The receptors are multi-domain structures consisting of an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and a intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. The extracellular domains contain [[leucine-rich repeats]].
Toll-like receptors, often abbreviated TLRs, are found on the surface of phagocytic cells of vertebrates and invertebrates and are critical to the innate immune system. The Toll-like receptors recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, such as double-stranded RNA, lipopolysaccharide, or CpG DNA, and initiate an intracellular kinase cascade, inducing an immediate defensive response.<ref>PMID: 20084417</ref><ref>PMID: 18064347</ref> The receptors are multi-domain structures consisting of an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and a intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. The extracellular domains contain [[leucine-rich repeats]].
{{STRUCTURE_3ciy|  PDB=3ciy  | SIZE=400| SCENE=Toll-like_Receptors/3ciynice/1 |right|CAPTION=Mouse toll-like receptor 3 complex with double-stranded RNA [[3ciy]] }}
{{STRUCTURE_3ciy|  PDB=3ciy  |  SIZE=400| SCENE=Toll-like_Receptors/3ciynice/1 |right| caption=Mouse toll-like receptor 3 complex with double-stranded RNA [[3ciy]] }}  
{{STRUCTURE_3ciy|  PDB=3ciy  |  SIZE=400| SCENE=Toll-like_Receptors/3ciynice/1 |right| caption=Mouse toll-like receptor 3 complex with double-stranded RNA [[3ciy]] }}  
[[Image:3ciyPV3D.png|left|thumb|360px|<span style="font-size:1.2em;">Extracellular domain of mouse Toll-like receptor bound to double-stranded RNA which is a molecular signature of many viruses, from [[3ciy]].</span>]]
[[Image:3ciyPV3D.png|left|thumb|360px|<span style="font-size:1.2em;">Extracellular domain of mouse Toll-like receptor bound to double-stranded RNA which is a molecular signature of many viruses, from [[3ciy]].</span>]]

Revision as of 14:42, 19 September 2011

Toll-like receptors, often abbreviated TLRs, are found on the surface of phagocytic cells of vertebrates and invertebrates and are critical to the innate immune system. The Toll-like receptors recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, such as double-stranded RNA, lipopolysaccharide, or CpG DNA, and initiate an intracellular kinase cascade, inducing an immediate defensive response.[1][2] The receptors are multi-domain structures consisting of an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and a intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. The extracellular domains contain leucine-rich repeats. Template:STRUCTURE 3ciy

Template:STRUCTURE 3ciy

Extracellular domain of mouse Toll-like receptor bound to double-stranded RNA which is a molecular signature of many viruses, from 3ciy.


 


Articles in Proteopedia concerning Toll-like Receptors include:


To view automatically seeded indices concerning Toll-like Receptors, see:


References and NotesReferences and Notes

  1. ↑ Gong J, Wei T, Zhang N, Jamitzky F, Heckl WM, Rossle SC, Stark RW. TollML: a database of toll-like receptor structural motifs. J Mol Model. 2010 Jul;16(7):1283-9. Epub 2010 Jan 19. PMID:20084417 doi:10.1007/s00894-009-0640-9
  2. ↑ Arancibia SA, Beltran CJ, Aguirre IM, Silva P, Peralta AL, Malinarich F, Hermoso MA. Toll-like receptors are key participants in innate immune responses. Biol Res. 2007;40(2):97-112. Epub 2007 Nov 21. PMID:18064347 doi:/S0716-97602007000200001

Additional 3D Structures of Toll-like ReceptorsAdditional 3D Structures of Toll-like Receptors

1ziw - Human Toll-like Receptor 3 extracellular domain structure
2a0z - Human toll-like receptor 3 ligand binding domain
3cig - Crystal structure of mouse TLR3 ectodomain


See AlsoSee Also

Additional LiteratureAdditional Literature

[xtra 1][xtra 2][xtra 3][xtra 4][xtra 5][xtra 6][xtra 7][xtra 8][xtra 9][xtra 10][xtra 11][xtra 12]

  1. ↑ Liu L, Botos I, Wang Y, Leonard JN, Shiloach J, Segal DM, Davies DR. Structural basis of toll-like receptor 3 signaling with double-stranded RNA. Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):379-81. PMID:18420935 doi:320/5874/379
  2. ↑ Bell JK, Askins J, Hall PR, Davies DR, Segal DM. The dsRNA binding site of human Toll-like receptor 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 6;103(23):8792-7. Epub 2006 May 23. PMID:16720699 doi:10.1073/pnas.0603245103
  3. ↑ Nyman T, Stenmark P, Flodin S, Johansson I, Hammarstrom M, Nordlund P. The crystal structure of the human toll-like receptor 10 cytoplasmic domain reveals a putative signaling dimer. J Biol Chem. 2008 May 2;283(18):11861-5. Epub 2008 Mar 10. PMID:18332149 doi:10.1074/jbc.C800001200
  4. ↑ Chan SL, Low LY, Hsu S, Li S, Liu T, Santelli E, Le Negrate G, Reed JC, Woods VL Jr, Pascual J. Molecular mimicry in innate immunity: crystal structure of a bacterial TIR domain. J Biol Chem. 2009 Aug 7;284(32):21386-92. Epub 2009 Jun 17. PMID:19535337 doi:10.1074/jbc.C109.007591
  5. ↑ Botos I, Liu L, Wang Y, Segal DM, Davies DR. The toll-like receptor 3:dsRNA signaling complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Sep-Oct;1789(9-10):667-74. Epub 2009 Jul 9. PMID:19595807 doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2009.06.005
  6. ↑ Istomin AY, Godzik A. Understanding diversity of human innate immunity receptors: analysis of surface features of leucine-rich repeat domains in NLRs and TLRs. BMC Immunol. 2009 Sep 3;10:48. PMID:19728889 doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-48
  7. ↑ Satake H, Sasaki N. Comparative overview of toll-like receptors in lower animals. Zoolog Sci. 2010 Feb;27(2):154-61. PMID:20141420 doi:10.2108/zsj.27.154
  8. ↑ Matsushima N, Tanaka T, Enkhbayar P, Mikami T, Taga M, Yamada K, Kuroki Y. Comparative sequence analysis of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) within vertebrate toll-like receptors. BMC Genomics. 2007 May 21;8:124. PMID:17517123 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-124
  9. ↑ Carpenter S, O'Neill LA. Recent insights into the structure of Toll-like receptors and post-translational modifications of their associated signalling proteins. Biochem J. 2009 Jul 29;422(1):1-10. PMID:19627256 doi:10.1042/BJ20090616
  10. ↑ Choe J, Kelker MS, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of human toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ectodomain. Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):581-5. Epub 2005 Jun 16. PMID:15961631
  11. ↑ Gong J, Wei T, Zhang N, Jamitzky F, Heckl WM, Rossle SC, Stark RW. TollML: a database of toll-like receptor structural motifs. J Mol Model. 2010 Jul;16(7):1283-9. Epub 2010 Jan 19. PMID:20084417 doi:10.1007/s00894-009-0640-9
  12. ↑ Jin MS, Lee JO. Structures of the toll-like receptor family and its ligand complexes. Immunity. 2008 Aug 15;29(2):182-91. PMID:18701082 doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.07.007

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