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[[Image:1ert.png|left|200px|thumb|Crystal Structure of Thioredoxin [[1ert]]]]
[[Image:1ert.png|left|200px|thumb|Crystal Structure of Thioredoxin [[1ert]]]]
{{STRUCTURE_1ert|  PDB=1ert  | SIZE=300| SCENE=Thioredoxin/Cv/1 |right|CAPTION=Thioredoxin [[1ert]] }}
{{STRUCTURE_1ert|  PDB=1ert  | SIZE=300| SCENE=Thioredoxin/Cv/1 |right|CAPTION=Thioredoxin [[1ert]] }}
[[Thioredoxin]] (Trx) is an enzyme which facilitates the reduction of proteins by cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange.  They contain a CXXC motif. Trx-1 is a mammalian cellular protein.  Trx-2 is mitochondria-specific.  In higher plants, Trx are divided to 6 groups based on their sequence.  Trx  M, X and Y are found in prokaryotes while F, H and O are found in eukaryotes. The images at the left and at the right correspond to one representative Trx, ''i.e.'' the crystal structure of human Thioredoxin ([[1ert]]).
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== 3D Structures of Thioredoxin ==
=== Trx ===
[[3e3e]], [[2hsh]], [[1aiu]], [[1erv]], [[1erw]] – hTrx (mutant) – human<br />
[[1cqg]], [[1cqh]] - hTrx (mutant)+Ref-1 peptide – NMR<br />
[[1mdi]], [[1mdj]], [[1mdk]] - hTrx + Target peptide of NFKB – NMR<br />
[[2hxk]], [[2ifq]], [[2iiy]] – hTrx S-nitroso<br />
[[1auc]], [[1ert]], [[1eru]], [[1trs]], [[1tru]], [[1trv]], [[1trw]], [[3trx]], [[4trx]] - hTrx<br />
[[3hxs]] – BfTrx fragment – ''Bacteroides fragilis''<br />
[[3hyp]] - BfrxI fragment (mutant)<br />
[[3hz4]] – Trx – ''Methanosarcina mazei''<br />
[[2k9f]] - Trx fragment+DsbD N-terminal – ''Neisseria meningitides'' – NMR<br />
[[3die]] – SaTrx (mutant) – ''Staphylococcus aureus''<br />
[[2voc]] - BsTrx (mutant) – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
[[2gzy]], [[2gzz]] – BsTrx – NMR<br />
[[2ipa]] – BsTrx (mutant)+ArcS (mutant) - NMR<br />
[[2h6x]], [[2trx]], [[1srx]] – EcTrx<br />
[[1xoa]], [[1xob]] – EcTrx - NMR<br />
[[1m7t]] – hTrx/EcTrx chimera - NMR<br />
[[3dxb]] – hTrx+Puf60 C-terminal<br />
[[3emx]] – Trx – ''Aeropyrum pernix''<br />
[[2vim]] – Trx – ''Fasciola hepatica''<br />
[[2yzu]], [[2cvk]], [[1v98]] – TtTrx – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
[[2e0q]] – Trx (mutant) – ''Sulfolobus tokodaii''<br />
[[2o7k]] – SaTrx<br />
[[2o85]], [[2o87]], [[2o89]] – SaTrx (mutant)<br />
[[2i4a]] – Trx – ''Acetobacter aceti''<br />
[[2j23]] – Trx – ''Malassezia sympodialis''<br />
[[2f51]] – Trx – ''Trichomonas vaginalis''<br />
[[1t00]] – Trx – ''Streptomyces coelicolor''<br />
[[1xw9]], [[1xwa]], [[1xwb]], [[1xwc]] – Trx – ''Drosophila melanogaster''<br />
[[1rqm]], [[1nsw]], [[1nw2]] – Trx (mutant) – ''Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius'' – NMR<br />
[[1syr]] – Trx – ''Plasmodium falciparum''<br />
[[1r26]] – Trx – ''Trypanosoma brucei brucei''<br />
[[1gl8]] – Trx – spinach- NMR<br />
[[1fo5]] – Trx – ''Methanocaldococcus janaschii'' – NMR<br />
[[1quw]] – Trx – ''Bacillus acidocaldarius'' – NMR
=== Trx-1 ===
3f3q, 2i9h – yTrx-1 – yeast
3f3r – yTrx-1 (mutant)
3dyr, 2h6y, 2h6z, 2h70, 2h71, 2h72, 2h73, 2h74, 2h75, 2h76, 2fch, 2fd3, 1keb, 2eio, 2eiq, 2eir, 1zcp, 1zzy, 1txx, 1tho, 1tir  – EcTrx-1 (mutant) – Escherichia coli
1f6m – EcTrx-1+Trx reductase+AADP+
2ajq – EpTrx-1 (mutant)+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase – Enterobacteria phage T7
1zyq – EpTrx-1 (mutant)+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+ATP
1x9m, 1x9s, 1x9w – EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+N-2-acetylaminofluorene-adducted DNA
1t8e – EpTrx-1 +DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+dCTP
1tk0 – EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+ddCTP+8-oxo-guanosine
1tk5 - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+8-oxo-guanosine
1tk8 - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+dAMP+8-oxo-guanosine
1tkd - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+dCMP+8-oxo-guanosine
1skr - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+ddATP
1sks, 1skw, 1sl0, 1sl1, 1sl2 - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+thymine
1t7p - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+ddAMP+ddGTP
2bto – Trx-1+tubulin btuba – prosthecobacter dejongeii
1oaz – Trx-1+immunoglobulin E – rat
=== Trx-2 ===
1w4v, 1w89, 1uvz – hTrx-2
3hhv – Trx-2 fragment – Sulfolobus solfataricus
2fa4 – yTrx-2
2ppt – Trx-2 – Rhodobacter capsulatus
2hsy – yTrx-2 - NMR
1thx – Trx-2 – Anabaena
=== Trx-3 ===
2oe0, 2oe1, 2oe3 – yTrx-3
=== Trx C ===
2i1u – Trx C – ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''
=== Trx F ===
2pu9 – SsTrx F+ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase – Synechocystis
2pvo - SsTrx F+ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase+ferredoxin 1
1f9m – sTrx F – spinach
1faa - sTrx F (mutant)
=== Trx H ===
3d21 – pTrx H – poplar
3d22 - pTrx H (mutant)
1ti3 - pTrx H - NMR
2vlt, 2vlu, 2vlv, 2vm1, 2vm2 - bTrx H – barley
2iwt - bTrx H+alpha-amylase subtilisin inhibitor
1wmj – Trx H – Oryza sativa – NMR
1xfl – Trx H – Arabidopsis thaliana - NMR
1ep7 – CrTrx H – Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
1ep8 - CrTrx H (mutant)
1tof - CrTrx H - NMR
=== Trx M ===
2puk - SsTrx M+ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase
1fb0, 1fb6 - sTrx M

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Alexander Berchansky, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman
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