2fdf: Difference between revisions
New page: left|200px<br /><applet load="2fdf" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" caption="2fdf, resolution 2.100Å" /> '''Crystal Structure o... |
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[[Image:2fdf.gif|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="2fdf" size=" | [[Image:2fdf.gif|left|200px]]<br /><applet load="2fdf" size="350" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" | ||
caption="2fdf, resolution 2.100Å" /> | caption="2fdf, resolution 2.100Å" /> | ||
'''Crystal Structure of AlkB in complex with Co(II), 2-oxoglutarate, and methylated trinucleotide T-meA-T'''<br /> | '''Crystal Structure of AlkB in complex with Co(II), 2-oxoglutarate, and methylated trinucleotide T-meA-T'''<br /> | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Nucleic acid damage by environmental and endogenous alkylation reagents | Nucleic acid damage by environmental and endogenous alkylation reagents creates lesions that are both mutagenic and cytotoxic, with the latter effect accounting for their widespread use in clinical cancer chemotherapy. Escherichia coli AlkB and the homologous human proteins ABH2 and ABH3 (refs 5, 7) promiscuously repair DNA and RNA bases damaged by S(N)2 alkylation reagents, which attach hydrocarbons to endocyclic ring nitrogen atoms (N1 of adenine and guanine and N3 of thymine and cytosine). Although the role of AlkB in DNA repair has long been established based on phenotypic studies, its exact biochemical activity was only elucidated recently after sequence profile analysis revealed it to be a member of the Fe-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily. These enzymes use an Fe(II) cofactor and 2-oxoglutarate co-substrate to oxidize organic substrates. AlkB hydroxylates an alkylated nucleotide base to produce an unstable product that releases an aldehyde to regenerate the unmodified base. Here we have determined crystal structures of substrate and product complexes of E. coli AlkB at resolutions from 1.8 to 2.3 A. Whereas the Fe-2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase core matches that in other superfamily members, a unique subdomain holds a methylated trinucleotide substrate into the active site through contacts to the polynucleotide backbone. Amide hydrogen exchange studies and crystallographic analyses suggest that this substrate-binding 'lid' is conformationally flexible, which may enable docking of diverse alkylated nucleotide substrates in optimal catalytic geometry. Different crystal structures show open and closed states of a tunnel putatively gating O2 diffusion into the active site. Exposing crystals of the anaerobic Michaelis complex to air yields slow but substantial oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate that is inefficiently coupled to nucleotide oxidation. These observations suggest that protein dynamics modulate redox chemistry and that a hypothesized migration of the reactive oxy-ferryl ligand on the catalytic Fe ion may be impeded when the protein is constrained in the crystal lattice. | ||
==About this Structure== | ==About this Structure== | ||
2FDF is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Escherichia coli] with CO and AKG as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligands ligands]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http:// | 2FDF is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Escherichia coli] with <scene name='pdbligand=CO:'>CO</scene> and <scene name='pdbligand=AKG:'>AKG</scene> as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligands ligands]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2FDF OCA]. | ||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
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[[Category: Single protein]] | [[Category: Single protein]] | ||
[[Category: Benach, J.]] | [[Category: Benach, J.]] | ||
[[Category: Edstrom, W | [[Category: Edstrom, W C.]] | ||
[[Category: Gibney, B | [[Category: Gibney, B R.]] | ||
[[Category: Hunt, J | [[Category: Hunt, J F.]] | ||
[[Category: NESG, Northeast | [[Category: NESG, Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium.]] | ||
[[Category: Yu, B.]] | [[Category: Yu, B.]] | ||
[[Category: AKG]] | [[Category: AKG]] | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
[[Category: structural genomics]] | [[Category: structural genomics]] | ||
''Page seeded by [http:// | ''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Thu Feb 21 17:20:14 2008'' | ||
Revision as of 18:20, 21 February 2008
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Crystal Structure of AlkB in complex with Co(II), 2-oxoglutarate, and methylated trinucleotide T-meA-T
OverviewOverview
Nucleic acid damage by environmental and endogenous alkylation reagents creates lesions that are both mutagenic and cytotoxic, with the latter effect accounting for their widespread use in clinical cancer chemotherapy. Escherichia coli AlkB and the homologous human proteins ABH2 and ABH3 (refs 5, 7) promiscuously repair DNA and RNA bases damaged by S(N)2 alkylation reagents, which attach hydrocarbons to endocyclic ring nitrogen atoms (N1 of adenine and guanine and N3 of thymine and cytosine). Although the role of AlkB in DNA repair has long been established based on phenotypic studies, its exact biochemical activity was only elucidated recently after sequence profile analysis revealed it to be a member of the Fe-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily. These enzymes use an Fe(II) cofactor and 2-oxoglutarate co-substrate to oxidize organic substrates. AlkB hydroxylates an alkylated nucleotide base to produce an unstable product that releases an aldehyde to regenerate the unmodified base. Here we have determined crystal structures of substrate and product complexes of E. coli AlkB at resolutions from 1.8 to 2.3 A. Whereas the Fe-2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase core matches that in other superfamily members, a unique subdomain holds a methylated trinucleotide substrate into the active site through contacts to the polynucleotide backbone. Amide hydrogen exchange studies and crystallographic analyses suggest that this substrate-binding 'lid' is conformationally flexible, which may enable docking of diverse alkylated nucleotide substrates in optimal catalytic geometry. Different crystal structures show open and closed states of a tunnel putatively gating O2 diffusion into the active site. Exposing crystals of the anaerobic Michaelis complex to air yields slow but substantial oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate that is inefficiently coupled to nucleotide oxidation. These observations suggest that protein dynamics modulate redox chemistry and that a hypothesized migration of the reactive oxy-ferryl ligand on the catalytic Fe ion may be impeded when the protein is constrained in the crystal lattice.
About this StructureAbout this Structure
2FDF is a Single protein structure of sequence from Escherichia coli with and as ligands. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
ReferenceReference
Crystal structures of catalytic complexes of the oxidative DNA/RNA repair enzyme AlkB., Yu B, Edstrom WC, Benach J, Hamuro Y, Weber PC, Gibney BR, Hunt JF, Nature. 2006 Feb 16;439(7078):879-84. PMID:16482161
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