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-Glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium is the 12-subunits enzyme and has 23 helix-helix interactions involving helices of chain A with four different types of interactions. [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPage.pl?pdbcode=2gls&template=protein.html&o=HELIX_INTERACTIONS&l=1&s=1&c=7&chain=A] The 12-subunits enzyme are arranged in two layers of six, such as <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_131/1'>Glu-131</scene> in the one of the protein residues of Salmonella typhimurium; at the interface of pairs of subunits within each layer, six anti-parallel beta strands formed cylindrical active sites.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2572586?dopt=Abstract] Each active site holds two <scene name='Sandbox108/Mn/3'>Mn2+</scene> ions surrounded by some <scene name='Sandbox108/Histidyl_side_chain/1'>histidyl side chains.</scene> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2572586?dopt=Abstract] Also, the protein ligands to Mn2+ 469 are <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_131/3'>Glu-131</scene>, <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_212/3'>Glu-212</scene>, and <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_220/2'>Glu-220</scene>; those to Mn2+ 470 are <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_129/2'>Glu-129</scene>, <scene name='Sandbox108/His_269/1'>His-269</scene>, and <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_357/2'>Glu-357</scene>.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2572586?dopt=Abstract] In glutamine from Salmonella typhimurium, there are 12-subunits of each of them in pairs within two layers.
+Glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium is the 12-subunits enzyme and has 23 helix-helix interactions involving helices of chain A with four different types of interactions. [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPage.pl?pdbcode=2gls&template=protein.html&o=HELIX_INTERACTIONS&l=1&s=1&c=7&chain=A] The 12-subunits enzyme are arranged in two layers of six, such as <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_131/1'>Glu-131</scene> in the one of the protein residues of Salmonella typhimurium; at the interface of pairs of subunits within each layer, six anti-parallel beta strands formed cylindrical active sites.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2572586?dopt=Abstract] Each active site holds two <scene name='Sandbox108/Mn/3'>Mn2+</scene> ions surrounded by some <scene name='Sandbox108/Histidyl_side_chain/1'>histidyl side chains.</scene> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2572586?dopt=Abstract] Also, the protein ligands to Mn2+ 469 are <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_131/3'>Glu-131</scene>, <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_212/3'>Glu-212</scene>, and <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_220/2'>Glu-220</scene>; those to Mn2+ 470 are <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_129/2'>Glu-129</scene>, <scene name='Sandbox108/His_269/1'>His-269</scene>, and <scene name='Sandbox108/Glu_357/2'>Glu-357</scene>.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2572586?dopt=Abstract] In glutamine from Salmonella typhimurium, there are 12-subunits of each of them in pairs within two layers. COOH terminus, a helical thong, which inserts into a <scene name='Sandbox108/Hydrophobic/1'>Hydrophobic(purple)</scene> pocket formed by two neighboring subunits on the opposite ring, hold the two layers of subunits tightly.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2572586?dopt=Abstract] Also, between layers
-The two layers of subunits are held together largely by the apolar COOH terminus, a helical thong, which inserts into a hydrophobic pocket formed by two neighboring subunits on the opposite ring. Also between layers, there is a hydrogen-bonded beta sheet interaction, as there is between subunits within a ring, but hydrophobic interactions account for most of the intersubunit stability. The central loop, which extends into the central aqueous channel, is subject to attack by at least five enzymes and is discussed as an enzyme "passive site."}[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2572586?dopt=Abstract]
-Helix-helix interactions are the only interaction that can affect the folding of the proteins in Salmonella typhimurium. <scene name='Sandbox108/Hydrophobic/1'>Hydrophobic(purple)</scene> and <scene name='Sandbox108/Polar/1'>polar(blue)</scene> regions of the protein residues are on the helices of chain A. Also, uncharged polar groups are usually classified as hydrophilic that is found on the outside of proteins, but for glutamine in Salmonella typhimurium its side chain is uncharged and formed by replacing the hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamine] Moreover, on the helices of chain A has <scene name='Sandbox108/Charged_region/1'>the charged regions(blue and red)</scene>.
+Also between layers, there is a hydrogen-bonded beta sheet interaction, as there is between subunits within a ring, but hydrophobic interactions account for most of the intersubunit stability. The central loop, which extends into the central aqueous channel, is subject to attack by at least five enzymes and is discussed as an enzyme "passive site."}[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2572586?dopt=Abstract]
+The most effective interaction in glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium is the helix-helix interactions. The folding of the proteins can be affected by the 12-subunits in the residues, as well as the helix-helix interactions. In the helix-helix interactions, there are two domains; one has 12 helices, the other has 4 helices.
+<scene name='Sandbox108/Hydrophobic/1'>Hydrophobic(purple)</scene> and <scene name='Sandbox108/Polar/1'>polar(blue)</scene> regions of the protein residues are on the helices of chain A. Also, uncharged polar groups are usually classified as hydrophilic that is found on the outside of proteins, but for glutamine in Salmonella typhimurium its side chain is uncharged and formed by replacing the hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamine] Moreover, on the helices of chain A has <scene name='Sandbox108/Charged_region/1'>the charged regions(blue and red)</scene>.