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| <StructureSection load='3ia3' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3ia3]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.20Å' scene=''> | | <StructureSection load='3ia3' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3ia3]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.20Å' scene=''> |
| == Structural highlights == | | == Structural highlights == |
| <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3ia3]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IA3 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IA3 FirstGlance]. <br> | | <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3ia3]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3IA3 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3IA3 FirstGlance]. <br> |
| </td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene></td></tr> | | </td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.2Å</td></tr> |
| <tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">AHSP, EDRF, ERAF ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HBA1, HBA2 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr> | | <tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=HEM:PROTOPORPHYRIN+IX+CONTAINING+FE'>HEM</scene></td></tr> |
| <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ia3 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3ia3 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3ia3 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3ia3 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3ia3 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3ia3 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> | | <tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3ia3 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3ia3 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3ia3 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3ia3 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3ia3 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3ia3 ProSAT]</span></td></tr> |
| </table> | | </table> |
| == Disease ==
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| [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Defects in HBA1 may be a cause of Heinz body anemias (HEIBAN) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/140700 140700]]. This is a form of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of Dacie type 1. After splenectomy, which has little benefit, basophilic inclusions called Heinz bodies are demonstrable in the erythrocytes. Before splenectomy, diffuse or punctate basophilia may be evident. Most of these cases are probably instances of hemoglobinopathy. The hemoglobin demonstrates heat lability. Heinz bodies are observed also with the Ivemark syndrome (asplenia with cardiovascular anomalies) and with glutathione peroxidase deficiency.<ref>PMID:2833478</ref> Defects in HBA1 are the cause of alpha-thalassemia (A-THAL) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604131 604131]]. The thalassemias are the most common monogenic diseases and occur mostly in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations. The hallmark of alpha-thalassemia is an imbalance in globin-chain production in the adult HbA molecule. The level of alpha chain production can range from none to very nearly normal levels. Deletion of both copies of each of the two alpha-globin genes causes alpha(0)-thalassemia, also known as homozygous alpha thalassemia. Due to the complete absence of alpha chains, the predominant fetal hemoglobin is a tetramer of gamma-chains (Bart hemoglobin) that has essentially no oxygen carrying capacity. This causes oxygen starvation in the fetal tissues leading to prenatal lethality or early neonatal death. The loss of three alpha genes results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia known as hemoglobin H disease. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence. The loss of two alpha genes results in mild alpha-thalassemia, also known as heterozygous alpha-thalassemia. Affected individuals have small red cells and a mild anemia (microcytosis). If three of the four alpha-globin genes are functional, individuals are completely asymptomatic. Some rare forms of alpha-thalassemia are due to point mutations (non-deletional alpha-thalassemia). The thalassemic phenotype is due to unstable globin alpha chains that are rapidly catabolized prior to formation of the alpha-beta heterotetramers. Note=Alpha(0)-thalassemia is associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis, a generalized edema of the fetus with fluid accumulation in the body cavities due to non-immune causes. Non-immune hydrops fetalis is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom, a feature of many genetic disorders, and the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders. Defects in HBA1 are the cause of hemoglobin H disease (HBH) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613978 613978]]. HBH is a form of alpha-thalassemia due to the loss of three alpha genes. This results in high levels of a tetramer of four beta chains (hemoglobin H), causing a severe and life-threatening anemia. Untreated, most patients die in childhood or early adolescence.<ref>PMID:10569720</ref>
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| == Function == | | == Function == |
| [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AHSP_HUMAN AHSP_HUMAN]] Acts as a chaperone to prevent the harmful aggregation of alpha-hemoglobin during normal erythroid cell development. Specifically protects free alpha-hemoglobin from precipitation. It is predicted to modulate pathological states of alpha-hemoglobin excess such as beta-thalassemia.<ref>PMID:12066189</ref> [[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBA_HUMAN HBA_HUMAN]] Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.
| | [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AHSP_HUMAN AHSP_HUMAN] Acts as a chaperone to prevent the harmful aggregation of alpha-hemoglobin during normal erythroid cell development. Specifically protects free alpha-hemoglobin from precipitation. It is predicted to modulate pathological states of alpha-hemoglobin excess such as beta-thalassemia.<ref>PMID:12066189</ref> |
| == Evolutionary Conservation == | | == Evolutionary Conservation == |
| [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] | | [[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]] |
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| </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3ia3 ConSurf]. | | </jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3ia3 ConSurf]. |
| <div style="clear:both"></div> | | <div style="clear:both"></div> |
| <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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| == Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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| alpha-Hemoglobin (alphaHb) stabilizing protein (AHSP) is expressed in erythropoietic tissues as an accessory factor in hemoglobin synthesis. AHSP forms a specific complex with alphaHb and suppresses the heme-catalyzed evolution of reactive oxygen species by converting alphaHb to a conformation in which the heme is coordinated at both axial positions by histidine side chains (bis-histidyl coordination). Currently, the detailed mechanism by which AHSP induces structural changes in alphaHb has not been determined. Here, we present x-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and mutagenesis data that identify, for the first time, the importance of an evolutionarily conserved proline, Pro(30), in loop 1 of AHSP. Mutation of Pro(30) to a variety of residue types results in reduced ability to convert alphaHb. In complex with alphaHb, AHSP Pro(30) adopts a cis-peptidyl conformation and makes contact with the N terminus of helix G in alphaHb. Mutations that stabilize the cis-peptidyl conformation of free AHSP, also enhance the alphaHb conversion activity. These findings suggest that AHSP loop 1 can transmit structural changes to the heme pocket of alphaHb, and, more generally, highlight the importance of cis-peptidyl prolyl residues in defining the conformation of regulatory protein loops.
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| A cis-proline in alpha-hemoglobin stabilizing protein directs the structural reorganization of alpha-hemoglobin.,Gell DA, Feng L, Zhou S, Jeffrey PD, Bendak K, Gow A, Weiss MJ, Shi Y, Mackay JP J Biol Chem. 2009 Oct 23;284(43):29462-9. Epub 2009 Aug 25. PMID:19706593<ref>PMID:19706593</ref>
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| From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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| </div>
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| <div class="pdbe-citations 3ia3" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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| ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
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| __TOC__ | | __TOC__ |
| </StructureSection> | | </StructureSection> |
| [[Category: Human]] | | [[Category: Homo sapiens]] |
| [[Category: Large Structures]] | | [[Category: Large Structures]] |
| [[Category: Feng, L]] | | [[Category: Feng L]] |
| [[Category: Jeffrey, P D]] | | [[Category: Jeffrey PD]] |
| [[Category: Shi, Y]] | | [[Category: Shi Y]] |
| [[Category: Acetylation]]
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| [[Category: Ahsp]]
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| [[Category: Chaperone]]
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| [[Category: Cis-proline]]
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| [[Category: Cytoplasm]]
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| [[Category: Disease mutation]]
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| [[Category: Glycation]]
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| [[Category: Glycoprotein]]
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| [[Category: Heme]]
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| [[Category: Hemoglobin]]
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| [[Category: Iron]]
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| [[Category: Metal-binding]]
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| [[Category: Oxygen transport]]
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| [[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
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| [[Category: Polymorphism]]
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| [[Category: Stabilization]]
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| [[Category: Transport]]
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