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==Crystal structure of CHK1-10pt-mutant complex with compound 45==
==Crystal structure of CHK1-10pt-mutant complex with compound 45==
<StructureSection load='7bk3' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7bk3]]' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='7bk3' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7bk3]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.00&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7BK3 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7BK3 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7bk3]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7BK3 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7BK3 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7bk3 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7bk3 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7bk3 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7bk3 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7bk3 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7bk3 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=U0T:4-amino-7-methyl-2-({5-methyl-1-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}amino)-6-[(2R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile'>U0T</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[7bjd|7bjd]], [[7bje|7bje]], [[7bjh|7bjh]], [[7bjj|7bjj]], [[7bjm|7bjm]], [[7bjo|7bjo]], [[7bjr|7bjr]], [[7bjx|7bjx]], [[7bk1|7bk1]], [[7bk2|7bk2]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">CHEK1, CHK1 ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_serine/threonine_protein_kinase Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.11.1 2.7.11.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7bk3 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7bk3 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7bk3 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7bk3 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7bk3 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7bk3 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CHK1_HUMAN CHK1_HUMAN]] Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair in response to the presence of DNA damage or unreplicated DNA. May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles. This regulation is achieved by a number of mechanisms that together help to preserve the integrity of the genome. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [R-X-X-S/T]. Binds to and phosphorylates CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C. Phosphorylation of CDC25A at 'Ser-178' and 'Thr-507' and phosphorylation of CDC25C at 'Ser-216' creates binding sites for 14-3-3 proteins which inhibit CDC25A and CDC25C. Phosphorylation of CDC25A at 'Ser-76', 'Ser-124', 'Ser-178', 'Ser-279' and 'Ser-293' promotes proteolysis of CDC25A. Phosphorylation of CDC25A at 'Ser-76' primes the protein for subsequent phosphorylation at 'Ser-79', 'Ser-82' and 'Ser-88' by NEK11, which is required for polyubiquitination and degradation of CDCD25A. Inhibition of CDC25 leads to increased inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of CDK-cyclin complexes and blocks cell cycle progression. Also phosphorylates NEK6. Binds to and phosphorylates RAD51 at 'Thr-309', which promotes the release of RAD51 from BRCA2 and enhances the association of RAD51 with chromatin, thereby promoting DNA repair by homologous recombination. Phosphorylates multiple sites within the C-terminus of TP53, which promotes activation of TP53 by acetylation and promotes cell cycle arrest and suppression of cellular proliferation. Also promotes repair of DNA cross-links through phosphorylation of FANCE. Binds to and phosphorylates TLK1 at 'Ser-743', which prevents the TLK1-dependent phosphorylation of the chromatin assembly factor ASF1A. This may enhance chromatin assembly both in the presence or absence of DNA damage. May also play a role in replication fork maintenance through regulation of PCNA. May regulate the transcription of genes that regulate cell-cycle progression through the phosphorylation of histones. Phosphorylates histone H3.1 (to form H3T11ph), which leads to epigenetic inhibition of a subset of genes. May also phosphorylate RB1 to promote its interaction with the E2F family of transcription factors and subsequent cell cycle arrest.<ref>PMID:9278511</ref> <ref>PMID:10673501</ref> <ref>PMID:11535615</ref> <ref>PMID:12446774</ref> <ref>PMID:12399544</ref> <ref>PMID:12676583</ref> <ref>PMID:12660173</ref> <ref>PMID:14681206</ref> <ref>PMID:12676925</ref> <ref>PMID:12759351</ref> <ref>PMID:14559997</ref> <ref>PMID:14988723</ref> <ref>PMID:15311285</ref> <ref>PMID:15659650</ref> <ref>PMID:15665856</ref> <ref>PMID:15650047</ref> <ref>PMID:16511572</ref> <ref>PMID:16963448</ref> <ref>PMID:17380128</ref> <ref>PMID:17296736</ref> <ref>PMID:18510930</ref> <ref>PMID:18728393</ref> <ref>PMID:18451105</ref> <ref>PMID:18317453</ref> <ref>PMID:19734889</ref> <ref>PMID:20090422</ref>  Isoform 2: Endogenous repressor of isoform 1, interacts with, and antagonizes CHK1 to promote the S to G2/M phase transition.<ref>PMID:9278511</ref> <ref>PMID:10673501</ref> <ref>PMID:11535615</ref> <ref>PMID:12446774</ref> <ref>PMID:12399544</ref> <ref>PMID:12676583</ref> <ref>PMID:12660173</ref> <ref>PMID:14681206</ref> <ref>PMID:12676925</ref> <ref>PMID:12759351</ref> <ref>PMID:14559997</ref> <ref>PMID:14988723</ref> <ref>PMID:15311285</ref> <ref>PMID:15659650</ref> <ref>PMID:15665856</ref> <ref>PMID:15650047</ref> <ref>PMID:16511572</ref> <ref>PMID:16963448</ref> <ref>PMID:17380128</ref> <ref>PMID:17296736</ref> <ref>PMID:18510930</ref> <ref>PMID:18728393</ref> <ref>PMID:18451105</ref> <ref>PMID:18317453</ref> <ref>PMID:19734889</ref> <ref>PMID:20090422</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Inhibitors of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and mutants, such as G2019S, have potential utility in Parkinson's disease treatment. Fragment hit-derived pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines underwent optimization using X-ray structures of LRRK2 kinase domain surrogates, based on checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and a CHK1 10-point mutant. (2R)-2-Methylpyrrolidin-1-yl derivative 18 (LRRK2 G2019S cKi 0.7 nM, LE 0.66) was identified, with increased potency consistent with an X-ray structure of 18/CHK1 10-pt. mutant showing the 2-methyl substituent proximal to Ala147 (Ala2016 in LRRK2). Further structure-guided elaboration of 18 gave the 2-[(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino] derivative 32. Optimization of 32 afforded diastereomeric oxolan-3-yl derivatives 44 and 45, which demonstrated a favorable in vitro PK profile, although they displayed species disconnects in the in vivo PK profile, and a propensity for P-gp- and/or BCRP-mediated efflux in a mouse model. Compounds 44 and 45 demonstrated high potency and exquisite selectivity for LRRK2 and utility as chemical probes for the study of LRRK2 inhibition.
Design and Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-Derived Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) Inhibitors Using a Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1)-Derived Crystallographic Surrogate.,Williamson DS, Smith GP, Mikkelsen GK, Jensen T, Acheson-Dossang P, Badolo L, Bedford ST, Chell V, Chen IJ, Dokurno P, Hentzer M, Newland S, Ray SC, Shaw T, Surgenor AE, Terry L, Wang Y, Christensen KV J Med Chem. 2021 Jun 29. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00720. PMID:34184879<ref>PMID:34184879</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 7bk3" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Dokurno P]]
[[Category: Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase]]
[[Category: Surgenor AE]]
[[Category: Dokurno, P]]
[[Category: Williamson DS]]
[[Category: Surgenor, A E]]
[[Category: Williamson, D S]]
[[Category: Checkpoint kinase 1]]
[[Category: Chk1]]
[[Category: Kinase inhibitor]]
[[Category: Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2]]
[[Category: Lrrk2]]
[[Category: Mutant]]
[[Category: Parkinson's disease]]
[[Category: Sbdd]]
[[Category: Surrogate]]
[[Category: Transferase]]

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