Thioester protein crosslinks: Difference between revisions
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*Thioester bonds in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_system complement proteins] C3 and C4 are involved in tagging pathogens for destruction by the immune system, via the alternate complement activation pathway. | *Thioester bonds in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_system complement proteins] C3 and C4 are involved in tagging pathogens for destruction by the immune system, via the alternate complement activation pathway. | ||
*Thioester bonds occur in thioester domains (TED) of Gram-positive bacteria, where they are thought to mediate covalent adhesion of bacteria to host cells<ref name="nakata2021">PMID:33633705</ref><ref name="slipknot">PMID: 30052296</ref>. Many surface proteins of Gram-positive bacteria are predicted to contain TED as well as [[isopeptide bond|isopeptide]] and ester cross-links. This family of proteins is termed <b>TIE proteins</b> for thioester, isopeptide, ester proteins<ref name="slipknot" />. Examples: [[2xi9]], [[6fwy]]. | *Thioester bonds occur in thioester domains (TED) of Gram-positive bacteria, where they are thought to mediate covalent adhesion of bacteria to host cells<ref name="nakata2021">PMID:33633705</ref><ref name="slipknot">PMID: 30052296</ref>, or during bacterial conjugation involved in antibiotic resistance<ref name="gago-cordoba">PMID: 33727345</ref>. Many surface proteins of Gram-positive bacteria are predicted to contain TED as well as [[isopeptide bond|isopeptide]] and ester cross-links. This family of proteins is termed <b>TIE proteins</b> for thioester, isopeptide, ester proteins<ref name="slipknot" />. Examples: [[2xi9]], [[6fwy]]. | ||
**In a dramatic example, the pilus tip adhesin of ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' forms dimers in the presence of spermidine, a di-amine that forms thiopeptide bonds with the Gln211 residues in two adhesin protein chains, illustrated in [[4c0z]]<ref name="linke-winnebeck2014">PMID: 24220033</ref>. | **In a dramatic example, the pilus tip adhesin of ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' forms dimers in the presence of spermidine, a di-amine that forms thiopeptide bonds with the Gln211 residues in two adhesin protein chains, illustrated in [[4c0z]]<ref name="linke-winnebeck2014">PMID: 24220033</ref>. | ||