Cyclin: Difference between revisions
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== Function == | == Function == | ||
'''Cyclin''' (CYC) activates CYC-dependent kinase (CDK) thus acting in the control of the cell cycle. The CYC name derives from the fact that different CYCs are expressed during different phases of the cell cycle. Among the CYCs | '''Cyclin''' (CYC) activates CYC-dependent kinase (CDK) thus acting in the control of the cell cycle. The CYC name derives from the fact that different CYCs are expressed during different phases of the cell cycle. Among the CYCs:<br /> | ||
* '''CYCA''' is active in the S phase<br /> | |||
* '''CYCB1''' is essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G2/M (mitosis) transition.<br /> | |||
* '''CYCC''' is active in the G0/G1 phase transition<ref>PMID:12910258</ref>.br /> | |||
* '''CYCD''' regulates the transition from G1 to S.<ref>PMID:15130482</ref><br /> | |||
* '''CYCE''' and its CDK partner are key regulators of DNA synthesis and of mitosis.<ref>PMID:11907280</ref><br /> | |||
* '''CYCK''' and its CDK12 partner regulate the expression of DNA-damage response genes and thus protect cells from genomic instability.<ref>PMID:22012619</ref><br /> | |||
* '''CYCT''' and its CDK9 partner regulate gene expression.<ref>PMID:15276198</ref><br /> | |||
* '''Viral CYC''' could be involved in oncogenic events associated with the cyclin-encoding viruses.<ref>PMID:10815028</ref><br /> | |||
See also [[Intrinsically Disordered Protein]]. | |||
== Relevance == | |||
Overexpression of CYCD1 and its catalytic partner CDK4 is seen in human cancer<ref>PMID:25486477</ref>. Overexpression of CYCH and its catalytic partner CDK7 is seen in breast cancer<ref>PMID:27301701</ref>. | |||
== Structural highlights == | == Structural highlights == | ||
All cyclins have an all-α helix fold and share an identical ca. 100 residue domain called 'cyclin box' which binds CDK. <scene name='44/442748/Cv/3'>Two 5 α-helix cyclin boxes are shown</scene>.<ref>PMID:09433129</ref> | All cyclins have an all-α helix fold and share an identical ca. 100 residue domain called 'cyclin box' which binds CDK. <scene name='44/442748/Cv/3'>Two 5 α-helix cyclin boxes are shown</scene>.<ref>PMID:09433129</ref> | ||
== 3D Structures of Cyclin == | |||
[[Cyclin 3D structures]] | |||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
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**[[1jst]], [[3tnw]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P<br /> | **[[1jst]], [[3tnw]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P<br /> | ||
**[[1h24]], [[1h25]], [[1h26]], [[1h27]], [[1h28]], [[1gy3]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+peptide<br /> | **[[1h24]], [[1h25]], [[1h26]], [[1h27]], [[1h28]], [[1gy3]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P+peptide<br /> | ||
**[[4bck]], [[4bcm]], [[4bcn]], [[4bco]], [[4bcp]], [[4bcq]], [[4cfn]], [[4cfw]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P + inhibitor<br /> | **[[4bck]], [[4bcm]], [[4bcn]], [[4bco]], [[4bcp]], [[4bcq]], [[4cfn]], [[4cfw]], [[6gva]], [[6guf]], [[6gue]], [[6guc]], [[6gub]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P + inhibitor<br /> | ||
**[[6ath]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 T160P + cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
**[[4fx3]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 + inhibitor<br /> | **[[4fx3]] - hCYCA2 +CDK2 + inhibitor<br /> | ||
**[[4eoi]], [[4eoj]], [[4eok]], [[4eol]], [[4eom]], [[4eon]], [[4eoo]], [[4eop]], [[4eoq]], [[4eor]], [[4eos]] - hCYCA2 C-terminal +CDK2 T160P + inhibitor<br /> | **[[4eoi]], [[4eoj]], [[4eok]], [[4eol]], [[4eom]], [[4eon]], [[4eoo]], [[4eop]], [[4eoq]], [[4eor]], [[4eos]] - hCYCA2 C-terminal +CDK2 T160P + inhibitor<br /> | ||
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**[[1e9h]] – hCYCA3 +CDK2 T160P+inhibitor<br /> | **[[1e9h]] – hCYCA3 +CDK2 T160P+inhibitor<br /> | ||
*CYCB1 | *CYCB1 or G2/mitotic-specific CYCB1 | ||
**[[2b9r]] – hCYCB1 (mutant)<br /> | **[[2b9r]] – hCYCB1 (mutant)<br /> | ||
**[[2jgz]] - hCYCB1 + CDK2<br /> | **[[2jgz]] - hCYCB1 + CDK2<br /> | ||
**[[6gu4]], [[6gu3]], [[6gu2]] – hCYCB1 + hCDK1 + inhibitor<br /> | |||
**[[5hq0]], [[4yc3]], [[4y72]] – hCYCB1 + hCDK1 + CDK regulatory subunit 2<br /> | **[[5hq0]], [[4yc3]], [[4y72]] – hCYCB1 + hCDK1 + CDK regulatory subunit 2<br /> | ||
**[[5lqf]] – hCYCB1 + hCDK1 + CDK regulatory subunit 2 + inhibitor<br /> | **[[5lqf]] – hCYCB1 + hCDK1 + CDK regulatory subunit 2 + inhibitor<br /> | ||
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**[[4cxa]] - hCYCK + CDK12 T160P + AMPPNP<br /> | **[[4cxa]] - hCYCK + CDK12 T160P + AMPPNP<br /> | ||
**[[5efq]], [[4nst]] - hCYCK + CDK13 T160P + ADP<br /> | **[[5efq]], [[4nst]] - hCYCK + CDK13 T160P + ADP<br /> | ||
**[[4un0]], [[5acb]], [[6b3e]] - hCYCK +CDK12 T160P + inhibitor<br /> | **[[4un0]], [[5acb]], [[6b3e]], [[6ckx]] - hCYCK +CDK12 T160P + inhibitor<br /> | ||
*CYCT | *CYCT | ||
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**[[4imy]], [[4or5]], [[4ogr]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9 TPO160 +AMP + AF4/MRF2 family member 4<br /> | **[[4imy]], [[4or5]], [[4ogr]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9 TPO160 +AMP + AF4/MRF2 family member 4<br /> | ||
**[[5l1z]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9 TPO160 +AMP + AF4/MRF2 family member 4 + RNA<br /> | **[[5l1z]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9 TPO160 +AMP + AF4/MRF2 family member 4 + RNA<br /> | ||
**[[6cyt]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9 TPO160 +AMP + AF4/MRF2 family member 4 + TAT + RNA<br /> | |||
**[[3lq5]], [[3tn8]], [[3tnh]], [[3tni]], [[4bcf]], [[4bcg]], [[4bch]], [[4bci]], [[4bcj]] – hCYCT1 (mutant)+CDK9<br /> | **[[3lq5]], [[3tn8]], [[3tnh]], [[3tni]], [[4bcf]], [[4bcg]], [[4bch]], [[4bci]], [[4bcj]] – hCYCT1 (mutant)+CDK9<br /> | ||
**[[3blr]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+inhibitor<br /> | **[[3blr]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+inhibitor<br /> | ||
**[[6gzh]] - hCYCT1 TPO160 +CDK9+inhibitor<br /> | |||
**[[3my1]], [[4ec8]], [[4ec9]] - hCYCT1 (mutant)+CDK9 TPO160 +inhibitor<br /> | **[[3my1]], [[4ec8]], [[4ec9]] - hCYCT1 (mutant)+CDK9 TPO160 +inhibitor<br /> | ||
**[[3mi9]], [[3mia]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+protein TAT<br /> | **[[3mi9]], [[3mia]] - hCYCT1 +CDK9+protein TAT<br /> | ||