Sandbox Reserved 1072: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Poly B-1, 6 GlcNAc.jpg |150 px|left|thumb|'''Figure 2: Poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine.''']] | [[Image:Poly B-1, 6 GlcNAc.jpg |150 px|left|thumb|'''Figure 2: Poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine.''']] | ||
Diguanylate cyclases are a group of class 2 transferase enzymes that catalyze the production of cyclic dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), an important <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_messenger_system second messenger]</span> for <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction signal transduction]</span>.<sup>[1]</sup> Most commonly through phosphorylation or dephosphoylation events, signal transduction sends messages through cells to promote responses. <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli ''Escherechia coli'']</span>, a gram-negative bacterium often found in the intestines of mammals, uses diguanylate cyclase DgcZ in the synthesis of its <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biofilm biofilm]</span>.<sup>[2]</sup> Enzyme DgcZ from ''E. coli'' acts as a catalyst to synthesize cyclic di-GMP from two substrate guanosine triphosphate (GTP) molecules to aid in communication of signals throughout the bacteria. C-di-GMP is a second messenger in the production of poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (poly-GlcNAc), a polysaccharide required for ''E. coli'' biofilm production <sup>[2]</sup>. This biofilm allows ''E. coli'' to adhere to extracellular surfaces. The complete enzyme is only successfully crystallized in its inactive conformation <sup>[3]</sup>. | Diguanylate cyclases are a group of class 2 transferase enzymes that catalyze the production of cyclic dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), an important <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_messenger_system second messenger]</span> for <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction signal transduction]</span>.<sup>[1]</sup> Most commonly through phosphorylation or dephosphoylation events, signal transduction sends messages through cells to promote responses. <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli ''Escherechia coli'']</span>, a gram-negative bacterium often found in the intestines of mammals, uses diguanylate cyclase DgcZ in the synthesis of its <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biofilm biofilm]</span>.<sup>[2]</sup> Enzyme DgcZ from ''E. coli'' acts as a catalyst to synthesize cyclic di-GMP from two substrate guanosine triphosphate (GTP) molecules to aid in communication of signals throughout the bacteria. C-di-GMP is a second messenger in the production of poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (poly-GlcNAc), a polysaccharide required for ''E. coli'' biofilm production <sup>[2]</sup>. This biofilm allows ''E. coli'' to adhere to extracellular surfaces. The complete enzyme is only successfully crystallized in its inactive conformation <sup>[3]</sup>. | ||
[[Image:DgcZ_Conformation_change_1.png|250 px|right|thumb|'''Figure 3: Diagram of DgcZ''' DgcZ is shown in its active (left) and inactive (right) conformations. The boxes represent the GGEEF domains of the enzyme, while the cylinders represent the alpha helices of the CZB domain, which contains the Zinc binding sites. Binding Zn<sup>+2</sup> inactivates the enzyme. The red vs blue coloring represents the symmetry of the enzyme | [[Image:DgcZ_Conformation_change_1.png|250 px|right|thumb|'''Figure 3: Diagram of DgcZ''' DgcZ is shown in its active (left) and inactive (right) conformations. The boxes represent the GGEEF domains of the enzyme, while the cylinders represent the alpha helices of the CZB domain, which contains the Zinc binding sites<sup>[3]</sup>. Binding Zn<sup>+2</sup> inactivates the enzyme. The red vs blue coloring represents the symmetry of the enzyme.]] | ||
== Structural Overview == | == Structural Overview == | ||