Myosin: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
[[Myosin]] is one of three major classes of molecular motor proteins: myosin, dynein, and kinesin. As the most abundant of these proteins myosin plays a structural and enzymatic role in muscle contraction and intracellular motility. Myosin was first discovered in muscle in the 19th century. <ref name="Spudich">PMID: 8824453 </ref> Myosin is a superfamily of proteins which bind actin, hydrolyze ATP and transduce force. Thus most are located in muscle cells. Composed of head, neck and tail domains. Head domain binds the actin and moves along it. The neck is a linker and binds the light chains which have a regulatory function. The tail interacts with cargo molecules (CBD)m. There are 18 classes of myosin.<br /> | [[Myosin]] is one of three major classes of molecular motor proteins: myosin, dynein, and kinesin. As the most abundant of these proteins myosin plays a structural and enzymatic role in muscle contraction and intracellular motility. Myosin was first discovered in muscle in the 19th century. <ref name="Spudich">PMID: 8824453 </ref> Myosin is a superfamily of proteins which bind actin, hydrolyze ATP and transduce force. Thus most are located in muscle cells. Composed of head, neck and tail domains. Head domain binds the actin and moves along it. The neck is a linker and binds the light chains which have a regulatory function. The tail interacts with cargo molecules (CBD)m. There are 18 classes of myosin.<br /> | ||
*'''Myosin II''' (MII) is best studied. It drives high-speed motility like muscle contraction. MII contains 2 heavy chains (HC) which constitute the head or motor domain (MD) and the tail domain and 4 light chains (LC) which are referred to as the essential LC (ELC) and the regulatory LC (RLC). <br /> | *'''Myosin II''' (MII) is best studied. It drives high-speed motility like muscle contraction<ref>PMID:15935670</ref>. MII contains 2 heavy chains (HC) which constitute the head or motor domain (MD) and the tail domain and 4 light chains (LC) which are referred to as the essential LC (ELC) and the regulatory LC (RLC). <br /> | ||
*'''Myosin III''' (MIII) contains a C-terminal kinase domain connected to the motor domain. | |||
*'''Myosin V''' (MV) works with microtubule based motors like kinesin<ref>PMID:10448864</ref>. | *'''Myosin V''' (MV) works with microtubule based motors like kinesin<ref>PMID:10448864</ref>. | ||
*'''Myosin VI''' (MVI) moves toward the minus end of the actin filament<ref>PMID:15473855</ref>. | *'''Myosin VI''' (MVI) moves toward the minus end of the actin filament<ref>PMID:15473855</ref>. | ||