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Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Dana Emmert, Evan Muir

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 Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an oxidoreductase flavoenzyme, encoded in the MAOA gene on the X chromosome; the enzyme is present throughout the brain, central nervous system, and stomach. Two isoforms of this enzyme (MAO-A and MAO-B) are expressed on the outer surface of the mitochondrial membrane, and both are responsible for the oxidative deamination of various neurotransmitters and dietary amines [http://www.omim.org/entry/309850]. Each isoform is characterized by its unique substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. For example, MAO-A (found primarily in catecholaminergic neurons) preferentially oxidizes 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), epinephrine, and norepinephrine; while MAO-B (found primarily in sertonergic neurons) prefers phenylethylamine and benzylamine. Both of these enzymes oxidize dopamine, tyramine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine as well as their respective unique substrates according to the following reaction:
-                                                        RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 --> RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2
+                                                        RCH<sub>2</sub>NHR' + H<sub>2</sub>O + O<sub>2</sub> --> RCHO + R'NH<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
-in which the H2O2 is enzymatically removed by glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase to produce a reduced glutathione since heightened levels of H2O2 promote apoptosis signalling within cells [https://books.google.com/books?id=6p_cBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=h2o2+produced+by+mao+neutralized+by&source=bl&ots=xMja8jxpkk&sig=-o5KLxfPBe7m_selXCo9iVt8OuY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDt_qYlJHMAhVIeD4KHcIDC3UQ6AEISzAF#v=onepage&q=h2o2%20produced%20by%20mao%20neutralized%20by&f=false]. Due to the important role MAOs play in controlling the prevalence of various neurotransmitters in the body as well as producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), an imbalance of these enzymes may be detrimental and their balance is important in the maintenance of human health.
+in which the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is enzymatically removed by glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase to produce a reduced glutathione since heightened levels of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> promote apoptosis signalling within cells [https://books.google.com/books?id=6p_cBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=h2o2+produced+by+mao+neutralized+by&source=bl&ots=xMja8jxpkk&sig=-o5KLxfPBe7m_selXCo9iVt8OuY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDt_qYlJHMAhVIeD4KHcIDC3UQ6AEISzAF#v=onepage&q=h2o2%20produced%20by%20mao%20neutralized%20by&f=false]. Due to the important role MAOs play in controlling the prevalence of various neurotransmitters in the body as well as producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), an imbalance of these enzymes may be detrimental and their balance is important in the maintenance of human health.