Sandbox WWC2: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an flavoenzyme, encoded in the MAOA gene on the X chromosome | Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is an oxidoreductase flavoenzyme, encoded in the MAOA gene on the X chromosome; the enzyme is present throughout the brain, central nervous system, and stomach. Two isoforms of this enzyme (MAO-A and MAO-B) are expressed on the outer surface of the mitochondrial membrane, and both are responsible for the oxidative deamination of various neurotransmitters and dietary amines. Each isoform is characterized by its unique substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity (Kaludercic et al.). For example, MAO-A preferentially oxidizes 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), epinephrine, and norepinephrine; while MAO-B prefers phenylethylamine and benzylamine. Both of these enzymes oxidize dopamine, tyramine, and N,N-dimethyltryptamine as well as their respective unique substrates according to the following reaction: | ||
RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 --> RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2 | |||
in which the H2O2 is enzymatically removed by glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase to produce a reduced glutathione. | |||
<Structure load='2Z5X' size='500' frame='top' align='right' caption='Crystal Structure of Human Monoamine Oxidase A with Harmine' scene='Insert optional scene name here' /> | <Structure load='2Z5X' size='500' frame='top' align='right' caption='Crystal Structure of Human Monoamine Oxidase A with Harmine' scene='Insert optional scene name here' /> | ||