Endonuclease: Difference between revisions

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== Function ==
'''Endonuclease''' (ENN) cleaves phosphodiester bond within polynucleotide chain.  ENN cleaves DNA at a restriction site which is usually a 6-nucleotide palindrome.  ENN is restriction site–specific.  Various types of ENN differ by their mechanism of action.  ENN is used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA.  ENN requires a restriction site and a cleavage pattern.  '''ENN-I''' operates on DNA with separate restriction site and cleavage pattern, while '''ENN-II''' operates on overlapping restriction site and cleavage pattern.  Some ENNs are encoded within introns thus facilitating their mobility.  These ENNs or inteins are designated I-ENN<ref>PMID:12483517</ref>.<br />
'''Endonuclease''' (ENN) cleaves phosphodiester bond within polynucleotide chain.  ENN cleaves DNA at a restriction site which is usually a 6-nucleotide palindrome.  ENN is restriction site–specific.  Various types of ENN differ by their mechanism of action.  ENN is used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA.  ENN requires a restriction site and a cleavage pattern.  '''ENN-I''' operates on DNA with separate restriction site and cleavage pattern, while '''ENN-II''' operates on overlapping restriction site and cleavage pattern.  Some ENNs are encoded within introns thus facilitating their mobility.  These ENNs or inteins are designated I-ENN<ref>PMID:12483517</ref>.<br />
The '''Cas ENN''' proteins are part of CRISPR/Cas prokaryotic immune system which confers protection from foreign genetic elements like viruses.  The CRISPR (Custered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats) are DNA loci which are found in ca. 40% of the bacteria.  The CRISPR/Cas system is being used lately as gene editing tool.  For more details see [[Cas9]].<br /> See also<br />
The '''Cas ENN''' proteins are part of CRISPR/Cas prokaryotic immune system which confers protection from foreign genetic elements like viruses.  The CRISPR (Custered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats) are DNA loci which are found in ca. 40% of the bacteria.  The CRISPR/Cas system is being used lately as gene editing tool<ref>PMID:20056882</ref>.  For more details see [[Cas9]].<br /> See also<br />
* [[Apurinic-Apyrimidinic Endonuclease-1]]<br />
* [[Apurinic-Apyrimidinic Endonuclease-1]]<br />
* [[DNA repair protein human endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1)]] .
* [[DNA repair protein human endonuclease VIII-like 1 (NEIL1)]] .
== Relevance ==
Sickle cell anemia is caused by mutation in the recognition site of MstII ENN.
== Disease ==
Mutation in UV-specific ENN causes Xeroderma pigmentosa. Mutations in tRNA-splicing ENN cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia. 


==3D structures of endonuclease==
==3D structures of endonuclease==

Revision as of 18:10, 19 January 2016

Template:STRUCTURE 1rva

FunctionFunction

Endonuclease (ENN) cleaves phosphodiester bond within polynucleotide chain. ENN cleaves DNA at a restriction site which is usually a 6-nucleotide palindrome. ENN is restriction site–specific. Various types of ENN differ by their mechanism of action. ENN is used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA. ENN requires a restriction site and a cleavage pattern. ENN-I operates on DNA with separate restriction site and cleavage pattern, while ENN-II operates on overlapping restriction site and cleavage pattern. Some ENNs are encoded within introns thus facilitating their mobility. These ENNs or inteins are designated I-ENN[1].
The Cas ENN proteins are part of CRISPR/Cas prokaryotic immune system which confers protection from foreign genetic elements like viruses. The CRISPR (Custered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats) are DNA loci which are found in ca. 40% of the bacteria. The CRISPR/Cas system is being used lately as gene editing tool[2]. For more details see Cas9.
See also

RelevanceRelevance

Sickle cell anemia is caused by mutation in the recognition site of MstII ENN.

DiseaseDisease

Mutation in UV-specific ENN causes Xeroderma pigmentosa. Mutations in tRNA-splicing ENN cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia.

3D structures of endonuclease3D structures of endonuclease

Updated on 19-January-2016

ReferencesReferences

  1. ↑ Nishino T, Morikawa K. Structure and function of nucleases in DNA repair: shape, grip and blade of the DNA scissors. Oncogene. 2002 Dec 16;21(58):9022-32. PMID:12483517 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206135
  2. ↑ Horvath P, Barrangou R. CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea. Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):167-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1179555. PMID:20056882 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1179555

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman
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