PLC beta 3 Gq: Difference between revisions

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Shir Navot, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman

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 Phospholipase C (PLC) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [IP2] to the second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [IP3] and diacylglycerol [DAG] in an essential step for the physiological action of many hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors, and other extracellular stimuli. These cascades use signaling complexes consisting of G alpha subunits of the Gq family of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding proteins (G proteins) and PLC-beta isozymes (β1-4). Agonist-stimulated receptors increase exchange of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) for guanosine triphosphate (GTP) on Gαq. GTP-bound Gαq engages and activates PLC- β3, and PLC- β3 increases up to three orders of magnitude the rate of hydrolysis of GTP by its activating G protein. This is a unique mechanism when the PLC-β3 enzyme has the ability to terminate the Gαq protein signal in addition to being activated by it.<ref>PMID:20966218</ref> <ref>PMID:23880553</ref>
 == Structural highlights ==
+The Gαq subunit consists two domains, one is the GTPase domain and the other is the alpha helical domain. These domains include three regions called switch regions I-III.
+<scene name='70/701452/Fig1/9'>The PLC- β3 has several domains</scene>consisting of N-terminal PH domain, a series of four EF hands, a catalytic TIM barrel and a C2 domain.
+PLC- β3 engages Gαq throughout three regions. First, an extended loop between the third and fourth EF hands of PLC- β3 directly buttresses switch residues critical for GTP hydrolysis by Gαq. Second, the region of PLC- β3 that connects the catalytic TIM barrel and the C2 domain interacts with both switches 1 and 2 of Gαq. Third, a segment composed of a helix-turn-helix at the C terminus of the C2 domain resides primarily within a shallow declivity on the surface of Gαq formed by switch 2 and α3.
+This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.
 <scene name='70/701452/Fig1/1'>TextToBeDisplayed</scene>
 <scene name='70/701452/Fig1/2'>TextToBeDisplayed</scene>
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 <scene name='70/701452/Fig1/7'>TextToBeDisplayed</scene>
 <scene name='70/701452/Fig1/8'>TextToBeDisplayed</scene>
-<scene name='70/701452/Fig1/9'>TextToBeDisplayed</scene>
-This is a sample scene created with SAT to <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/1">color</scene> by Group, and another to make <scene name="/12/3456/Sample/2">a transparent representation</scene> of the protein. You can make your own scenes on SAT starting from scratch or loading and editing one of these sample scenes.
 </StructureSection>
 == References ==
 <references/>